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论文代写骗子:凯恩斯模型的作用

论文代写骗子:凯恩斯模型的作用

根据凯恩斯模型,价格在短期内是不变的。凯恩斯模型关注商品和服务市场以及金融市场或货币市场。均衡发生在商品和服务市场与货币市场相互作用的时候。在经济衰退的情况下,中央银行采取扩张性的货币政策。在这种情况下,货币供应量的扩大将导致利率的下降,从而保持货币需求不变。低利率促使商人增加投资,这将增加总需求和收入。因此,通过货币传导机制,一个经济体可以实现低利率和高收入水平。在通货膨胀的情况下,中央银行采取紧缩的货币政策。在这种情况下,可以通过公开市场操作,即出售政府债券或证券来减少货币供应量。另一种央行用来抑制通胀的措施是提高现金准备金率(CRR)。高CRR意味着每家银行必须在央行持有更多的现金储备。


论文代写骗子:凯恩斯模型的作用
因此,商业银行的贷款能力将会下降。他们将减少对公众的贷款。因此,货币供应量下降。货币供应量的进一步减少将使LM曲线向左平移。其结果是,利率将上升,接着投资将减少,国民收入将下降。在短期内,货币政策可能是有效的。在扩张性货币政策下,LM曲线向下平移,AD向右平移。由于利率的降低,产出水平将会提高。因此,在短期内货币政策导致高产出和低利率。根据新古典主义的弹性价格水平假设,名义变量和实际变量(GDP、就业)互不影响。因此,名义货币供应量的增加导致价格水平的按比例增加,不影响所有实际变量(Aghion, et al., 2010)。

论文代写骗子:凯恩斯模型的作用

According to the Keynesian model, prices are constant in the short run. The Keynesian model focuses on the market for goods and services and the financial markets or money market. The equilibrium takes place when goods and service market interacts with the money market.In case of recession, central bank follows the expansionary monetary policy. In that case, expansion in money supply will lead to the fall in interest rate, keeping demand for money unchanged. Low interest rates induce businesspersons to invest more, which will increase aggregate demand and income. Thus with monetary transmission mechanism, an economy can achieve low interest rates and high-income level. Under inflationary conditions, central bank adopts the tight monetary policy. In this money supply can be reduced by using open market operation i.e. by selling government bonds or securities. The other measure, which is used by central bank to curb out inflation, is to raise cash reserve ratio (CRR). High CRR means that every bank has to keep more cash reserves with the central bank.


论文代写骗子:凯恩斯模型的作用
As a result, the lending power of commercial banks will decrease. They will offer fewer loans to the public. Therefore, money supply declines. Further reduction in money supply will shift LM curve to the left. As a result, interest rates will increase followed by reduction in investment and fall in national income.In the short run period, monetary policy could be effective. With an expansionary monetary policy, LM curve shifts downward and AD shifts to the rightward direction. The level of output will increase due to decrease in rate of interest. Therefore, in the short run monetary policy leads to high output and low interest rates.According to the neoclassical assumption of flexible price levels, nominal and real variables (GDP, employment) do not affect each other. As a result, an increase in nominal money supply leads to a proportional increase in the price level, keeping all real variables unaffected (Aghion, et al., 2010).