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论文代写:自然灾害对旅游的影响

论文代写:自然灾害对旅游的影响。自然灾害确实会影响旅游目的地的吸引力。这篇文章在对过去十年一些突出的自然灾害的分析中指出,由于自然灾害,游客会感到不确定、不安全和威胁。它改变了他们对这个地方的看法。虽然这确实会导致游客流失,但随着时间的推移,旅游目的地确实有可能重新焕发活力并重建其失去的吸引力。要让游客对这个地方充满信心,既需要短期战略,也需要长期战略。接下来论文代写专家将为同学们分析过下自然灾害对旅游的影响。

气候引发的自然灾害对旅游业产生影响,因为游客受到灾害的威胁。例如,海啸是自然灾害的另一个例子,它最终破坏了该行业的基础设施,因此它阻止游客参观这个地方,因为游客在基础设施不足和运营不足的情况下感到不安全,这就是海啸之后的情况打。 “进一步反思的旅游系统震惊可能是任何影响旅行者信心并干扰旅游业继续正常运营能力的自发和意外事件。旅游业很容易受到此类事件的影响,这些事件已经产生了深远的负面影响”(Zhou,2014,第 2 页)。火山爆发也对旅游业产生了影响。由于火山灰喷发,国内和国际航空公司受到影响。例如,2010 年,喷出环境中的火山灰导致航空公司和国际机场中断。结果,旅游业受到了影响。许多航班取消,但确实导致汽车、游轮、渡轮和铁路的使用激增。另一方面,像 Soufriere Hills 那样的破坏性喷发导致了基础设施的破坏以及生命和财产的潜在损失。

自然灾害导致旅游目的地的不确定性,进而导致游客流失。地震发生前,新西兰的基督城是奥克兰最大的旅游目的地之一。旅游业提供的就业在总就业中增加了 12%,为新西兰的旅游业和酒店业贡献了 23 亿美元。但2011年地震后,该地经济损失巨大,旅游吸引力下降。这是基督城稳定局势的彻底衰退。酒店因建筑物受损而遭受损失。大部分酒店物业在后来被称为红色区域的地方关闭。因损失较小而恢复的酒店在功能上并未全面运作。地震前,当地有很多景点,如大教堂广场、植物园、博物馆和购物中心等(Simmons & Sleeman,2012)。截至 2012 年,其中一些景点尚未开放。对于基督城大教堂等一些景点,尚未制定翻新计划。旅游业的萎缩也影响了其他行业。到这个地方的游客为各种业务做出了贡献。食品和饮料行业以及与酒店业相关的行业都因自然灾害而倒闭。这种对行业如何以及何时全面投入运营的不确定性对参观者来说是一个负面问题(Jiang, & Ritchie,2017 年)。Climate induced natural disasters have an impact on the tourism industry as visitors are threatened by the disaster. Tsunamis, for instance, are another example of a natural disaster that ends up destroying the infrastructure for the industry and hence it deters tourists from visiting the place as tourists do not feel safe in insufficient and less operational infrastructure, which is the situation after a Tsunami hit. “A tourism system shocker on further reflection could be any spontaneous and unexpected event that affects traveller confidence and interferes with the tourism industry’s ability to continue operating normally. The travel and tourism industry is vulnerable to such events that have had far-reaching negative impacts” (Zhou, 2014, p. 2). Volcanic eruptions have had an impact on the tourism industry as well. National and international airlines get affected because of the spewing of volcanic ash. For instance, in 2010, the volcanic ash that was spewed in the environment resulted in disruptions of airlines and international airports. As a result, tourism industry was affected. There was cancellation of many flights, but it did lead to the surge in the use of cars, cruise, ferry and railways. On the other hand, the destructive eruption like in the case of the Soufriere Hills resulted in destruction of infrastructure and potential loss of life and property.

The natural disaster results in uncertainty in the tourist destination which in turn translates to loss of visitors. Prior to the earthquake, Christchurch in New Zealand was one of the largest visitor destinations in Auckland. The employment provided in the tourism sector added to 12 percent in total employment and it contributed to a 2.3$ billion tourism and hospitality industry in New Zealand. However, after the earthquake that happened in 2011, there were great economic losses to the place and the visitor attraction potential of the place went down. This was a complete downturn from the stable situation of Christchurch. Hotels suffered because of building damage. Much of the hotel property became closed in what came to be called as red zone. Hotels that were reinstated on account of suffering lesser damages were not functionally full operational. Prior to the earthquake, there were many attractions in the place such as the Cathedral Square, the Botanic Gardens, the Museum and shopping centers etc. (Simmons & Sleeman, 2012). Some of these attractions were yet to open as of 2012. For some attractions like the Christchurch Cathedral, no plans were made to renovate the place. The shrinkage in the tourism sector affected other industries as well. Tourists to the place contribute to a variety of businesses. Food and beverage sectors and associated sectors to the hospitality business were all brought down because of the natural disaster. This form of uncertainty on how and when the industry becomes fully operational becomes a negative issue for the visitors (Jiang, & Ritchie, 2017).

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