ps代写-全面媒体监管下的言论自由讨论

ps代写-全面媒体监管下的言论自由讨论。拉斐尔·科恩-阿尔玛戈为全面的媒体监管建立了一个强有力的案例，他认为，即使是约翰·斯图亚特·密尔在倡导言论自由的同时，在行使言论权利可能对他人造成身体和心理伤害的情况下，也有监管的余地。因此，监管是很重要的，特别是对于互联网来说，为了让这个强大的人类交流媒介能够实现它所承诺的潜力。那些在绝对自由问题上持极端立场的人被称为坚定的自由主义者，他们的立场与主张对言论自由进行全面管制的人类似。中间路线是找到合理和有条件地限制言论自由的理由，特别是在言论自由与民主、真理和它自称要实现的知识的理想背道而驰的情况下。

Those who take the extreme position on absolute freedom are referred to as staunch liberalists, who are in similar rigid position with those who advocate complete regulation on the freedom of speech. The midway is to find grounds for reasonable and qualified restriction on free speech, especially in cases where it goes against the ideals of democracy, truth and knowledge that it professes to achieve.
People should give priority to the freedom of speech, and then impose appropriate regulations

This call for the next step towards building regulatory framework is to create content monitoring and filtering tools. Researchers in different universities are hard at work designing and testing algorithms to filter pornographic, violent and un-wanted content on different networks (Oh & Aukerman, 2013). Some of these methods are technical blocking by way of Internet Protocol blocking, Domain Name System tempering, Uniform Resource Locator blocking. Other approaches include manual censorship where certain links are not displayed in the search results on the basis of content. Most of these are aimed at restricting the proliferation and access of pornographic content by minors, and prevention of hate speech/terrorist rhetoric on the internet. These tools and mechanisms are successful in achieving their aims, however, there is a lack of transparency around even the basic definitions of criteria such as obscenity, pornographic content, hate speech, etc. In some cases, the state has refused to make public the list of blocked sites because it might allow the users and the website owners to circumvent the restrictions. At the same time, in certain countries, the governments have tried to muzzle political dissent in the guise of regulating adult content for the minors. These practises are harmful for the future of democracy and unless the political will is inclined towards maintaining the freedom of speech at all costs, any attempt at framing regulations will be proved futile.

Public – private censorship, as explained by Hannibal Travis, is a means of internet regulation or more precisely, means of regulating content and practises on internet on the basis of explicit interests of the consumers and the owners. The market competition and legal suits make sure that as far as possible, the internet remains ethical and competitive. Ethical where copyright infringements and violations of intellectual property are concerned and competitive where users/consumer preferences are accorded the highest priority (Travis, 2013).

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