标签存档： 英国论文代写

英国代写：中国鸦片贸易斗争

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英国代写：中国鸦片贸易斗争。中国殖民历史上的鸦片贸易体系是一个更大的国际贸易网络的一部分。这不仅仅是贩卖鸦片，发放许可证，或者为帝国主义的贸易秩序而战，它更像是一场反抗压迫的斗争，一种反文化的形式。因此，布鲁的主要论点是，鸦片战争和贸易的影响具有国际规模，中国对毒品的反对和英国在贸易中的利益必须被视为不仅仅是与贸易有关的斗争。这是一场反对压迫的斗争，意识形态差异的斗争，跨文化交流问题的斗争，以及从各自社会内部理解的更多问题。接下来英国代写专家将对中国鸦片贸易斗争进行以下分析。

Blue支持这一论点的要点如下。首先，布鲁认为，在与毒品作斗争的背景下，鸦片战争的历史表明，即使是合法化和控制这种物质也会导致许多压迫和反叛行动，而传统上只有在毒品可能被完全禁止的情况下才会出现反叛行动。禁止毒品并不是造成问题的原因，而是在殖民主义和帝国主义自由贸易的框架下使毒品合法化和控制毒品才是造成问题的原因。印度政府、英国政府、中国消费者、帕西人、中国商人和西班牙人等各方都带来了各自的意识形态、差异和文化，因此鸦片销售和管制制度成为了从殖民者手中开始跨文化对立和争取更多自由的理想开端。意识形态迥异的群体通过国际贸易的鸦片体系在斗争中被买到了一起。布鲁提出的另一个关键观点是，市场是社会收缩的，而不仅仅是中国人消费或殖民者贪婪的结果。这一点再次表明，鸦片贸易体系具有社会和政治影响，有助于反对压迫和霸权，争取自由贸易。随着时间的推移，它导致了更广泛的政治运动的动员。

作者的论点是令人信服的，因为即使在当代，一些与贸易有关的斗争，如石油的斗争，也不仅仅是关于贸易。阻碍两国关系的不仅仅是与贸易有关的分歧。为了获取资源、霸权化并最终为一个国家获得资源，导致这个国家不承认另一个国家提出的意识形态差异和反对是有效的。正如鸦片战争和斗争所表明的那样，有许多广泛的社会和政治问题可能在贸易中发挥作用，从女权运动、反奴隶制、宗教、意识形态差异或跨文化交流。此外，在某种程度上，广泛的合作导致了对鸦片贸易的镇压。因此，在某种程度上，当国家谈判合作和相互理解时，可以做得很好。

The Opium system situated in the colonial history of China was part of a larger network of international trade. It was not just about selling opium, licensing it, or fighting for an imperialist trade order, but it was more of a fight against oppression, a form of counter culture. As Blue states, if the fight was not for Opium, it could just have been for some other trade commodity that China wanted to have freedom to sell or prohibit. Hence, Blue’s main argument is that the Opium war and trade influence was of international magnitude, and Chinese objections to the drug and British interests in the trade must be viewed as more than just a trade related struggle. It was a struggle against oppression, struggle of ideological differences, cross cultural communication issues and more, as understand from within their respective societies.

Blue’s key points for supporting the argument are as follows. Firstly, Blue argues that in the context of fighting against a drug, the history of the opium wars shows that even legalization and controlling the substance led to much oppression, and rebellious action which traditionally would have been expected only in situations where the drug was probably completely prohibited. Prohibiting the drug was not causing the issue but legalizing it and controlling it in a framework situated in colonialism and Imperialistic free trade was causing the issue. All of them involved, such as the Indian Government, the British Government, the Chinese consumers, Parsee, Chinese merchants and Sephardic, brought their ideologies, differences and cultures and hence the opium sales and regulation system become an ideal opening for the start of cross-cultural oppositions and struggle for more freedom from the colonizers. Ideologically disparate groups were bought together in the struggle through the opium system of international trade. Another key point that Blue puts forth is that the markets are socially contracted, and is not just a result of Chinese consumption or the greed of the colonizers. Once again, this point imparts that the Opium system of trade had a social and political influence, one that contributed to the struggle against oppression and hegemony and for free trade. Over time, it led to the mobilization of broader political movements.

The author’s argument is convincing because even in contemporary times, some trade related struggles, such as the struggle for oil is not just about the trade. There are more than trade related differences that get into the way. The need to access a resource, hegemonize it and ultimately secure it for one country, leads the country to not recognize the ideological difference and opposition raised by another country as a valid one. As the Opium wars and the struggles indicate, there are many broad spectrum social and political issues that could play a role in the trade from women’s rights movements, anti-slavery, religion, ideological differences or cross-cultural communication. In addition, the broad level of collaboration at some point was what led to the suppression of Opium trade. Therefore, at some level, countries can do well when they negotiate to collaborate and understand each other.

以上内容就是英国代写专家对中国鸦片贸易斗争的分析与讨论。如果同学们没有足够的时间来完成英语文与作业，论文代写推荐选择英国论文代写Advancedthesis服务公司。因为其服务公司的论文创作专家团队由高素质和经验丰富的学术作家组成，保障论文创作质量与合理的论文代写价格。除此之外，还为留学生提供英国essay代写、英国作业代写、毕业论文代写等服务，留学生们可以扫描本网站二维码随时在线咨询哦!

毕业论文代写：酒店行业的问题分析

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毕业论文代写：酒店行业的问题分析。酒店行业在现代商业中扮演着有效的角色，顾客总是要求公司提供不同的接待服务。然而，如今酒店行业在其业务流程中面临着不同类型的问题。在竞争激烈的市场中，酒店业的企业面临着生存困难。在接下来的内容中，毕业论文代写专家将对酒店行业的问题进行以下分析。

竞争激烈:有许多酒店行业的公司相互之间竞争激烈。在这种情况下，这些公司在接待服务方面面临挑战。就这样，酒店业面临着在市场上维持下去的困难。因此，公司也可以在市场上获得激烈的竞争，这对业务来说是一个问题(Barreras Jr等人，2019)。

顾客态度的变化:酒店行业顾客的心态以及需求和要求会随着时间的推移而变化。在这种情况下，可以看出，食品、设施等部门的旧服务不能被客户所喜欢。因此，由于缺乏差异化，酒店行业下的公司无法在其业务中获得适当的利润(Naushad et al. 2019)。因此，这是酒店业及其业务流程的另一个影响问题。

缺少合格的员工:员工是酒店业的有效资源。通过采取员工的帮助，该部门可以很容易地吸引客户，他们可以增加公司的销售。因此，组织在酒店业的成功取决于员工的能力和资格。然而，该行业一直面临着缺乏高效员工的问题。因此，公司的服务质量和利润率可以自动扣除，这也是酒店业的一个有影响力的问题。

税收:公司需要向政府支付一些税收，这可能是该部门的另一个问题。主要是，不同国家的不同政府有各种各样的税法，需要由公司维护。另一方面，税法可能会改变，这可能会给公司带来问题。

在这种情况下，可以看出，酒店行业可以面临各种各样的问题，在控制这些问题方面，他们需要在他们的经营策略上做出一些改变。酒店业属于服务业。因此，该部门的公司可以为客户提供不同种类的服务。员工为客户提供服务，这可以促进组织的销售。在这种情况下，适当的领导是必不可少的，领导策略可以帮助公司减轻问题，并以良好的方式处理业务活动。

High competition: There are many companies of the hospitality sector who provide tough competition to each other. In this situation, the companies face challenges regarding their hospitality services. Like this, the hospitality sector faces difficulties to sustain in the market. Therefore, the company  can also get high competition in the market which is an issue for the business (Barreras Jr et al. 2019).

Changing attitudes of the customers: Time to time the mentality as well as needs and demands of the customers of the hospitality sector keep changing with the time. In this case, it can be seen that the old services of the sector like foods, facilities cannot be liked by the customers. Thus, the company  under the hospitality sector cannot get proper profits in their business due to lack of differentiation (Naushad et al. 2019). Thus, this is another impactful issue of the hospitality sector and their business process.

Lack of qualified staffs: The staffs are the effective resource of the hospitality sector. By taking help of the employees, the sector can easily attract the customers and they can increase the sales of the company. Thus, the success of the organizations in the hospitality sector can be depended on the ability and also the qualification of the staffs. However, the sector has been facing issues with lack of efficient staffs. Therefore, the service quality and the profit margin of the company  can be deducted automatically and this is also an impactful issue of the hospitality sector.

Taxes: The companies need to pay some taxes to the government and this can be another problem of the sector. Mainly, different governments of different nations have various kinds of taxation law which need to be maintained by the company  (Heikkinen, Ylä-Anttila & Juhola, 2019). On the other hand, the taxation law can be changed and this can lead a problem for the company.

In this case, it can be seen that the hospitality sector can face various issues and in terms of controlling the issues, they need to make some changes in their business strategies. The hospitality sector belongs to the service industry (Hughes, Kinder & Cooper, 2019). Hence, the companies of the sector can provide different kinds of services to the customers. The employees provide the services to the customers and this can develop the sales of the organization. In this situation, proper leadership is essential and the leadership strategies can be helpful for the company can mitigate the issues and handle the activities of the business in a well manner.

以上内容就是毕业论文代写专家对酒店行业的问题分析。如果同学们没有足够的时间来完成毕业论文，论文代写推荐选择英国论文代写Advancedthesis服务。因为其服务公司的论文创作专家团队由高素质和经验丰富的学术作家组成，保障论文创作质量与合理的论文代写价格。除此之外，还为留学生提供英国essay代写、英国作业代写、硕士毕业论文代写等服务，留学生们可以扫描本网站二维码随时在线咨询哦!

英国essay代写：超市行业的经济分析

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英国essay代写：超市行业的经济分析。超市行业是现代商业的有效组成部分，如今该行业发展迅速。超市行业的销售额一直在增长，这就是为什么食品杂货市场的机会一直在日益发展。另一方面，超市行业是澳大利亚最具竞争力的行业之一。然而，澳大利亚市场上有各种各样的超市，如Woolworths, Coles, Aldi等。像Aldi和Woolworths这样的超市的快速发展或扩张是分析中最有趣的部分。接下来英国essay代写将对超市行业的经济进行以下分析。

英国essay代写分析和评估超市行业的市场结构

经济学家对超市行业的结构进行了有效的分析。一个行业的结构可以被认为是一个行业的预测行为。主要是一个行业的结构可以有效地影响该行业的盈利能力。在这种情况下，可以看出，超市行业的每一项活动都可以依赖于结构。然而，在这个行业，这些公司一直在相互提供高水平的竞争。因此，企业的营销策略和定价策略是企业经营过程中非常重要的一部分。在澳大利亚市场上，有一些主要的超市，超市的名字有Aldi, Coles, Woolworths, IGA等。除了澳大利亚的超级市场，市场上也有一些非超级市场。非超市企业获得了11.8%的市场份额，但除此之外，超市行业还获得了其他部分的市场份额。

英国essay代写对社会成本效益分析

在过去五年中，Woolworths、Coles集团和Aldi一直在有效增长。在这种情况下，非常重要的是要确定Woolworths已经获得了32.7%的市场，Coles集团有28.8%，Aldi有172.1% (Van Thuong, Thanh & Le Khang, 2019)。因此，这些都是澳大利亚超市行业的主要市场领导者。与此同时，还有其他超市，如IGA, Star Mart，他们在市场的其他部分有一席之地，但他们的效果不太好。因此，他们需要更多地关注他们的商业战略，以增长他们的经济因素。此外，通过下面的分析，可以对超市行业的经济结构进行详细的分析。

英国essay代写对投入产出分析

这是微观经济分析的形式，基于经济部门之间的相互依赖。基本上，为了发展业务，Woolworths和Coles集团降低了产品和服务的价格。这样，他们才能在竞争激烈的市场中获得适当的相互依存的机会。除此之外，行业运营商一直在降低运营成本，并接受较低的利润率(Choi, Rabinovich & Richards, 2019)。这就是他们如何有效地在现代商业中保持竞争力。超市一直在开发新店，这可以帮助他们提高销售额。

因此，这是超市行业的主要市场结构，为了发展业务，公司需要正确地了解这种结构。这可以促进他们的商业战略，他们的利润率可以发展(Wu & Qiu, 2019)。

Analyse and evaluate the market structure of the supermarket industry

The economists have been analysed effectively regarding the structure of the supermarket industry. The structure of an industry can be identified as a predict behaviour of the industry. Mainly, the structure of an industry can effectively influence the profitability of the industry. In this case, it can be seen that the each and every activity of the supermarket industry can be depended on the structure. However, in this industry, the companies have been providing high level of competition to each other. Therefore, the marketing strategy and the pricing strategy of the companies is very important part of their business process. In the Australian market, there are some major supermarkets and the names of the supermarkets are Aldi, Coles, Woolworths, IGA and so on. Along with the supermarkets of Australia, there are some non supermarkets in the market as well. The non supermarket companies have gained 11.8% market, but apart from this, other parts of the market have gained by the supermarket industry.

Social cost-benefit analysis

In the last five years the Woolworths, Coles group and Aldi have been growing effectively. In this situation, it is very important to identify that Woolworths have gained 32.7% market, Coles group has 28.8%, Aldi has 172.1% (Van Thuong, Thanh & Le Khang, 2019). Thus, these are the main market leaders of the Australian supermarket industry. Along with this, there are other supermarkets like IGA, Star Mart who have the place on other parts of the market, but they are not much effective. Hence, they need to take care of their business strategy more in terms of growing their economical factors. Moreover, the detail of the economical structure of the supermarket industry can be identified with the help of below analysis.

Input-output analysis

This is the form of the microeconomic analysis and this is based on the interdependencies between the economic sectors. Basically, for developing the business Woolworths and Coles Group cut their prices of the products and services. Like this, they can proper get the chance of interdependence their business in the competitive market. Apart from this, the industry operators have been decreasing their operation costs and accept the lower margins also (Choi, Rabinovich & Richards, 2019). This is how they effectively stay competitive in the modern business. The supermarkets have been developing new stores which can be helpful for them to enhance their sales.

Therefore, this is the main market structure of the supermarket industry and in order to develop the business, the companies need to understand the structure in a proper way. This can boost their business strategy and their profit margins can be developed (Wu & Qiu, 2019).

以上内容就是英国essay代写对超市行业的经济分析。如果留学生们对英语论文格式不了解无法完成essay，论文代写推荐选择英国论文代写Advancedthesis服务。因为其服务公司的论文创作专家团队由高素质和经验丰富的学术作家组成，保障论文创作质量与合理的论文代写价格。除此之外，还为留学生提供英国essay代写、英国作业代写、硕士论文代写等服务，留学生们可以扫描本网站二维码随时在线咨询哦!

英国论文代写：非电子沟通方法与实践

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英国论文代写：非电子沟通方法与实践。人们发现，苹果采取了减少非电子交流方式的做法，但在偶尔的事件中，涉及直接交流的做法。当涉及到与业务相关的信息交换或吸引客户对最新产品的介绍时，涉及到各种非电子的沟通方式。这取决于公司努力联系的受众，选择合适的传播媒介，并将其应用到足够有效的程度。然而有时即使是如此大规模的公司也不愿意坚持电子媒体网络来建立有效的传播过程。在接下来的内容中，英国论文代写将对非电子沟通方法与实践进行以下分析。

口媒:

以面对面交流的形式说出来的话被认为是最能被感知的，也有最大的说服力。正是沟通的目的导致了口头沟通过程中所承载的内容的框架(Krägeloh等人，2018)。在讨论经销商和供应商向组织提供的供应时，必须由公司按照明确和协商的条款进行。它需要最少的模糊性，大量的特殊性和正确的说服商。苹果公司的营销部门负责在各方之间建立口头和直接的沟通方式，以达到适当的效果。另一方面，三星在大多数利益相关者的行为上克制了口头沟通的实施。

电话媒体:

电子媒体可以运行有效的系统，但传统和传统媒体仍然不应被忽视。对于像三星这样的知名品牌来说，在建立有效的沟通过程中，承认惯例和传统是很有用的。当与公司员工建立24/7的联系并立即对联系倡议作出反应时，除了电话媒体之外，没有其他更好的手段(Hanson et al.， 2016)。如果有任何关于生产流程或效率水平维持的更新，管理层将通过内部电话渠道与员工联系。苹果倾向于将这种媒介仅用于客户服务帮助台，以保持每个支持功能的活跃，通过电话联系来满足他们的客户基础。当组织采用这种非电子方法时，可获得很大的可行性和灵活性以及快速反应选项。

纸质交流方式:

商业结构完全无纸化运作还需要一段时间。对于受人尊敬的国际品牌来说，三星还没有完全实现无纸化，因此纸张的使用仍然是其利益相关者之间沟通的非电子媒介之一(Treskes等人，2016年)。在向客户、员工、股东和供应商发送任何形式的公司警报、信息或指示时，公司倾向于诉诸于结构正式信函的媒介。三星电子通过备忘录、便签等形式，将公司信息传达给各利益相关方，并以此为基础进行纸质交流。苹果减少了与利益相关者进行重要信息交换的纸质沟通方式。

Apple is found to resort to practices which reduce non-electronic methods of communication however on occasional events, involve direct communicative practices. While business related information exchange is involved or drawing of customers towards the latest products in line introduced are regarded various non electronic method of communication are involved. It is depending upon the audience that the company endeavors to connect with that an appropriately suitable medium of communication is chosen and applied to be effectual enough.

Oral media:

The words spoken in the form of face to face interaction are considered to be most strongly perceived and have the greatest power of persuasion as well. It is the purpose of the communication that leads to frame the content carried through the oral communication process (Krägeloh et al. 2018). While discussing about the supplies that dealers and suppliers make to the organization have to be conducted on clear and negotiated terms by the company. It requires least involvement of ambiguity, great amount of distinctiveness and right quotient of persuasion. The marketing department responsible from each of Apple finds oral and direct means of communication to be established between these parties to strike appropriateness. Samsung on the other hand refrains the implementation of oral communication on most stakeholder conducts.

Telephonic media:

Electronic media might run effective systems yet the traditions and conventional mediums shall still not get ignored anywhere. For established and esteemed brands as Samsung it shall be useful to acknowledge the conventions and traditions in their means to establishing effectual communication processes. When establishing a 24/7 contact with the company employees and getting immediate response against the contact initiative no other better means than telephonic media shall be approached (Hanson et al., 2016). In case of any update about productivity process or efficacy level maintenance, the employees are contacted by the management through internal telephonic channels. Apple tends to use this medium for merely customer service help desks to remain active for each of the support functions to be catered to their customer base through telephonic contacts. Much feasibility and flexibilities along with rapid response options are availed when such non electronic methods are adhered by the organizations.

Paper based communication methods:

It shall take some more spans for business structures to function in a completely paperless manner. In case of esteemed international brands as well Samsung is yet to incorporate going paperless entirely hence use of paper still prevails as one of the non electronic mediums of communicating across their stakeholders (Treskes et al., 2016). In case of sending customers, employees, shareholders and suppliers with any sort of company alerts, information or instructions the companies tend to adhere to resort to the medium of structuring a Formal Letter. Samsung incorporates paper based communication is carried on through memos and scribble notes to express and receive company information engaging various stakeholders. Apple reduces paper-based communication method in any of significant exchange of information along with stakeholders.

以上内容就是英国论文代写专家对非电子沟通方法与实践的分析。如果留学生们没有足够的时间来完成英语论文与作业，论文代写推荐选择英国论文代写Advancedthesis服务。因为其服务公司的论文创作专家团队由高素质和经验丰富的学术作家组成，保障论文创作质量与合理的论文代写价格。除此之外，还为留学生提供essay代写、英国作业代写、硕士论文代写等服务，留学生们可以扫描本网站二维码随时在线咨询哦!

英国代写：演员网络理论

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英国代写：演员网络理论。演员网络理论(ANT)是由Michel Callon、Bruno Latour和John Law在20世纪70年代提出的。这些学者认为，人类是大多数社会科学研究的中心，在ANT之前存在着自然和社会、人类和非人类元素的二元分类(Lai & Tan, 2011)。然而，社会中存在着许多各种各样的非人类行为者。例如，在一项ICT政策中，除了决策者和相关利益相关者的参与作为推动ICT政策执行的必要因素外，还需要非人为因素的存在，如ICT基础设施、法律和监管框架，以形成一个联合的国家层面的智能生活倡议。接下来英国代写将对演员网络理论进行以下分析。

像Murdoch(1997)这样的研究人员认为，在考虑人和技术时存在遗漏，ANT理论假定这种划分实际上是人为形成的。ANT是通过观察社会世界的行动者和技术世界的人工制品，以对称的方式克服社会世界和技术世界的分裂(Tatnall & Gilding, 1999;Yoo, Lyytinen & Yang, 2005)。它提供了多样性的概念来解释与人、技术、研发、资源、制度和监管相关的项目或政策(Young, Borland & Coghill, 2010)。这与那些希望保持社会或技术状态不变的倡导者相反，后者为所有参与者提供了共同发展创新方法的视角(Tatnall & Gilding, 1999)。

蚂蚁理论的基础是纠正或打破传统世界二元的一种方式。ANT帮助纠正人类/非人类和技术/社会的不自然划分中引入的疏漏。蚂蚁理论(Howcroft, Mitev & Wilson, 2004)提出了对这些不同元素的对称处理。活性剂通常是基于行为和兴趣等属性及其社会或技术元素来考虑的(Yoo, Lyytinen & Yang, 2005)。演员网络是通过翻译过程中人类和非人类元素的合作参与而构建的(Murdoch, 1997)。拉图尔(Latour, 1983)以行动者网络理论的概念为分析出发点，认为网络的构建需要通过翻译的过程，即参与者必须有一致的目标和共识，网络内的关系是相互同意建立的。网络翻译的成功源于行动者之间的利益焦点(Murdoch, 1997)。这种兴趣的焦点是一个必须的通道点(Lai & Tan, 2011;劳与卡龙，1988年;Yoo, Lyytinen & Yang, 2005)。强制性通道点的意义在于，它解释了一个社会或行动者网络如何形成整体的相互关联。当所有的行动者都面临自己无法克服的障碍时，他们只能通过主要行动者的需求形成一个强制性的通道点，这是每个行动者共同关心的问题。该网络是建立在这个强制性的通道点上的。本论文使用四个概念作为镜头来调查智能生活在台湾的倡议，即问题化、相互评估登记和动员。强制通道点OPP被认为是行为者网络理论中与翻译初始问题化阶段相关的特征。OPP就像一个漏斗的窄端，在这里参与者聚集在一个主题或问题上。

Actor-network theory (ANT) was proposed by Michel Callon, Bruno Latour and John Law in the 1970s. These scholars argue that human beings were the centre of most social science’s studies and before ANT there existed a binary classification of nature and society, and human and non-human elements (Lai & Tan, 2011). However, there are many various non-human actors exist in the society. For example, in an ICT policy, except the involvement of policy-makers and related stakeholders as a necessary factor to drive the execution of ICT policy, the existence of non-human factors such as ICT infrastructure, legal and regulatory framework, is needed to form of a coalesced national level initiative for smart living.

Researchers like Murdoch (1997) make the argument that there are omissions when considering people and technology and ANT theory posits that such divisions are in fact artificially formed. ANT is to overcome with the divide of social and technological world with symmetry by observing the actors in the social world and the artefacts in the technological world (Tatnall & Gilding, 1999; Yoo, Lyytinen & Yang, 2005).It provides the concept of diversity to interpret a project or a policy which is associated with human beings, technologies, research and development, resources, institution and regulation (Young, Borland & Coghill, 2010). This is contrary to the advocates who wish to maintain the changelessness of social or technological state that provides the perspective of all participants to coevolve an innovative approach (Tatnall & Gilding, 1999).

The very basis of the ANT theory serves as a way to correct or disrupt the traditional world binaries. ANT helps correct the omissions introduced in unnatural divisions of the human/nonhuman and technology/society. A symmetrical treatment of these different elements is proposed in the ANT theory (Howcroft, Mitev & Wilson, 2004). An actant is always considered based on properties such as behaviours and interests and its social or technological element (Yoo, Lyytinen & Yang, 2005). The actor network is structured through the participation of human and non-human elements’ collaboration by a process of translation (Murdoch, 1997). Latour (1983) used the concept of actor-network theory as the starting point of analysis and believed that the construction of network needs to be through the process of translation, that is, the participants must have consistent goals and consensus, and the relationships within the network are mutually agreed to establish. The success of translation of network is derived from the focal point of interests between actants (Murdoch, 1997). This kind of focal point of interest is an obligatory passage point (Lai & Tan, 2011; Law & Callon, 1988; Yoo, Lyytinen & Yang, 2005). The significance of an obligatory passage point is that it explains how a society or a network of actors can form whole mutual correlations. When all actors face their own obstacles which cannot be overcome, they only can form an obligatory passage point through the needs of the main actor, which is the issue of common concern of each actor. The network is built on this obligatory passage point. The current dissertation makes use of a four-point concept as lens of investigating smart living initiatives in Taiwan which are Problematisation, interassessment enrolment, and mobilisation. The obligatory passage point OPP is identified as that feature in the actor-network theory that is associated with the initial problematization phase in translation. OPP is like a narrow end of a funnel where the actors converge on a topic or question.

以上内容就是英国代写专家对演员网络理论的分析。如果留学生们没有足够的时间来完成英语论文与作业，论文代写推荐选择英国论文代写Advancedthesis服务。因为其服务公司的论文创作专家团队由高素质和经验丰富的学术作家组成，保障论文创作质量与合理的论文代写费用。除此之外，还为留学生提供essay代写、assignment代写、硕士论文代写等服务，留学生们可以扫描本网站二维码随时在线咨询哦!

论文代写：中国没有发生工业革命的原因

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论文代写：中国没有发生工业革命的原因。工业革命并没有发生在中国，对于这一问题，学者们有不同的看法。14世纪的中国是一个具有有效制度的串串经济。然而，这个国家并不像欧洲那么有效。欧洲主要是想利用工业效率获得适当的竞争优势，他们要求新的创新的东西。中国对这种创新没有太大的吸引力。接下来论文代写将分析下中国没有发生工业革命的原因。

另一方面，可以看出中国在那个时期的增长和创新是建立在天才的基础上的，完全是基于经验的。然而，工业革命发生在以实验和错误为基础的经济体中。另一方面，中国工业革命的另一个问题是，国家鼓励所有的天才进入公务员部门，在这种情况下，实验活动没有正常进行。因此，中国的科学在近代科学转型中是失败的，由于关注的是其他实践，中国面临着缺乏创造力的问题。然而，在现代，技术发明是实验和科学的结果。有科学发现的需要。为此，需要进行一些实验、训练、数学假设等。

根据Dahrendorf的说法，在中国，他们没有关注技术的发展和发现(2017，第7页)。在这种情况下，可以看出在技术发明和科学发现的前现代模式下，当时的人大多是中国社会中经验丰富的工匠、天才和农民。因此，在前现代社会中，中国拥有庞大的前现代文化人口，具有适当的竞争优势，但在近代中国，由于技术发明在民族上持续依赖经验和偶然性，未能落后于西方。然而，在欧洲，他们已经开始发展科学技术，科学革命就发生在那个时候。另一方面，可以看出在中国，人们和政府还没有准备好改变他们的思想和生活方式。正如杉原所说，他们想要像中国人一样吃饭，他们想要像中国人一样穿着和生活(2017，第21页)。因此，这是中国缺乏革命和变革的另一个原因。简而言之，他们不想改变自己作为西方民族的文化和本性。

通过对这篇文章的分析，可以看出欧洲在发展创造力的过程中进行了有效的工业革命。然而，中国人的思想是不同的，他们一直注重经验而不是科学。这就是为什么工业革命没有像过去的欧洲那样在中国发生。

The industrial revolution did not happen in China and there are various thoughts of several scholars regarding the topic. In 14th century, the country China had a string economy with effective institution. However, the country was not much effective as Europe. Europe mainly wanted to gain proper competitive advantages by using industrial efficiency and they demanded new innovative things. China was not much attractive towards the innovation.

On the other hand, it can be seen that Chinese growth and innovation in that time was based on the geniuses and it was totally experience based. However, the industrial revolution happened in the economies which were experiment and error based. On the other hand, there was another issue of the industrial revolution in China as the country was encouraged all the geniuses in terms of entering in civil services and in that situation the experiment activity did not happen properly. Thus, China was failure to transform their science in the modern science and the country had faced the issue of lack of creativity as their concern was on other practices. However, in the modern times, the technological inventions result from the experiment and science. There is the need to the scientific discovery. For this, there need to some experiments, training, mathematical hypothesis and so on.

As per Dahrendorf, in China, they did not keep focus on the technological development and discovery (2017, p.7). In this case, it can be seen that under the pre-modern model of the technological invention and the scientific discovery, and most of the people in that time were experienced artisans geniuses and farmers in the society of China. Hence, in the pre-modern society, China had proper competitive advantages as they had huge population of pre-modern culture, but they had failed to behind the West in modem times as the technological invention in the nation China continued to rely on the experience and happenstance. However, in Europe, they had been started developing in the scientific technology and the scientific revolution had happened in that time. On the other hand, it can be seen that in China the people and the government was not ready to make changes in their thoughts and life styles. As per Sugihara, they wanted to eat like Chinese and they wanted to dress and live like Chinese (2017, p.21). Thus, it is another reason of lack of revolution and changes in China. In short, they did not want to bring changes in their culture and nature as the Western nation.

After analysing this essay, it can be seen that Europe had effectively conduct industrial revolution as they wanted to develop creativity. Nevertheless, the thoughts of the Chinese people were different and they kept focus on experiences rather than science. That is why the industrial revolution did not happen in China as Europe in the past days.

以上内容就是论文代写专家对中国没有发生工业革命的原因分析。如果留学生们没有足够的时间来完成英语论文与作业，论文代写推荐选择英国论文代写Advancedthesis服务。因为其服务公司的论文创作专家团队由高素质和经验丰富的学术作家组成，保障论文创作质量与合理的论文代写价格。除此之外，还为留学生提供essay代写、assignment代写、硕士论文代写等服务，留学生们可以扫描本网站二维码随时在线咨询哦!

英国论文代写：毕加索艺术作品

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英国论文代写：毕加索艺术作品。巴勃罗·毕加索1881年出生于西班牙。他作为艺术家在西班牙生活，后来在法国生活，创作了两万多幅油画、素描和雕塑。他的艺术作品包含了广泛的风格，他是为数不多的艺术家之一，设法有一个全面的记录他的艺术作品和发展。他的艺术生涯开始于他年轻时的现实主义手法和艺术作品的象征主义影响。后来在法国，他把现代主义融入到他的艺术作品中，在一个饥饿的艺术家的岁月里，他发展了单色的阴郁绘画。接下来英国论文代写将对毕加索艺术作品进行以下分析与讨论。

他的一些作品，如《生活》，描绘了他当时对生活的悲观看法。这个时期被称为蓝色时期，从1901年到1904年(PabloPicasso, 2009)。后来在玫瑰时期(1904-1906)，他创作了更加欢快的艺术作品。他在作品中使用了橙色和粉色的色调，《格特鲁德·斯坦因的肖像》就是这一时期的代表作之一。在1907-1909年的后期，毕加索探索了艺术家保罗·塞尚的成就，并通过他了解了对人体的程式化处理。这被称为非洲时期。

非洲的影响是毕加索走向立体主义的原因。在受到对人物的风格化处理的启发后，毕加索创作了《阿维尼翁的少女》。这幅画是关于五个裸体女人的。这些人物以扁平的分裂方式组成，面部看起来像是非洲面具和伊比利亚面具文化的混合。女性的身体以一种扭曲的方式呈现，它的形状也是几何的(Foster et al.， 2012)。传统艺术的形式和表现在这里完全被抛弃了。在这幅画中可以看到一种原始主义，视角被换成了二维平面。这被认为是一件非常创新的艺术作品，毕加索自己也觉得这把他从更经典的技术中解放出来，他在法国工作时受到了影响。这些绘画形式后来成为立体派的趋势。

立体派早期的许多艺术作品都探索了类似的风格:尖锐的人物和物体，在一端与背景混合，在另一端显示出投影的表面。立体主义者的工作角度和对象与风格化的人在上下文。现代世界的空间、运动和时间都在变化，其影响在立体主义中被观察到。抽象、简化和风格化的人体表征曾给毕加索带来灵感，也启发了立体派(Cooper, 1971)。

毕加索对立体主义的直接影响来自于1907年他在《阿维尼翁的少女》中的作品。这部作品对人体进行彻底扭曲的风格与经典手法形成了鲜明对比(Chave, 1994)。碎片化、几何平面、柔和的色彩等被认为影响了布拉克等艺术家。布拉克受到毕加索作品的启发，他在20世纪初创作了山水画，直接受到毕加索作品的影响。埃斯塔克的房子以柔和的立方体形式呈现树木和山脉，被法国评论家路易斯·沃克斯塞尔称为“奇异的立方体”。十九世纪的毕加索对立体主义的影响是多方面的。古代和部落艺术形式挑战了文艺复兴艺术的传统(Galenson & Weinberg, 2001)。在立体主义的第二种形式合成立体主义中，色彩变得很重要。没有绘画的物体和有颜色的物体被做成了拼贴画。毕加索给主流绘画手法注入了激进而富有挑战性的思想，开创了立体主义的新趋势。

Some of his works like La Vie portray the gloomy outlook he had on life at that time. This time period is called the Blue period, lasting from 1901-1904 (PabloPicasso, 2009). Later in the Rose Period (1904-1906) he developed art works that were more cheerful. He made use of orange and pink hues in his work, and the Portrait of Gertrude Stein is one of the exemplars of this time. In the later years from 1907-1909, Picasso explored the achievements of artist Paul Cezanne and through him came to understand stylized treatments of the human body. This is called the African period.

African influence was what led Picasso to Cubism. After getting inspired by the stylized treatments of the human figure, Picasso created the Les Demoiselles d’Avignon. The painting was about five naked women. The figures were composed in a flat splintered way and the faces appeared like a mix of African masks and Iberian masks culture. The female body is presented in a distorted way, and it was geometric in its shape as well (Foster et al., 2012). Form and representation of traditional art were totally abandoned here. A primitivism is seen in the picture and perspective was traded for a two-dimensional plane. It was considered a very innovative work of art and Picasso himself felt that it liberated him from the more classic techniques that he was influenced into working in France. These forms of paintings later came to set the trend for Cubism.

Much of the early art work of the Cubists explored similar styles of piercing figures and objects that blended with the background at one end and showed a projective surface at the others. Cubists worked with angles and objects with stylized humans in context. Space, movement and time in the modern world were changing and its effects were observed in cubism. Abstract, simplified and stylized representations of the human body that had inspired Pablo Picasso were also an inspiration for the Cubists (Cooper, 1971).

Picasso’s direct influence on Cubism is from his work in the Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon in 1907. The work’s style of radical distortion of humans was a sharp contrast from the classical techniques (Chave, 1994). Fragmented, geometric planes, subdued colors and more were seen to be an influence on artists like Braque. Braque was inspired by Picasso’s work and he created landscape paintings in the beginning of the twentieth century as a direct influence form Picasso’s work. The House at L’Estaque with trees and mountains in subdued forms of cubes was named by French critic Louis Vauxcelles as the “bizarreries cubiques’. A mix of influences was projected on Cubism by Pablo Picasso from the nineteenth century. Archaic and tribal art forms challenged the conventions of renaissance art (Galenson & Weinberg, 2001). In the second form of cubism called synthetic cubism color become important. Non-painted objects and colored objects were made into a collage. Picasso gave radical and challenging ideas to the main stream techniques and created a new trend in cubism.

以上内容就是英国论文代写对毕加索艺术作品的分析与讨论。如果留学生们没有足够的时间来完成英语论文与作业，论文代写推荐留学生选择英国论文代写Advancedthesis服务。因为其服务公司的论文创作专家团队由高素质和经验丰富的学术作家组成，保障论文创作质量与合理的论文代写价格。除此之外，还为留学生提供essay代写、assignment代写、硕士论文代写等服务，留学生们可以扫描本网站二维码随时在线咨询哦!

论文代写：企业家应是领导者而不是管理者

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论文代写：企业家应是领导者而不是管理者。对于一个企业家来说，是成为一个高效的企业管理者，还是成为一个领导团队的领导者，即使是在企业刚刚起步的时候。更有趣的问题是，企业家是在寻找一个长期的商业机构，还是只是一个不可靠的操作，以赚快钱。企业家的潜在原因和市场条件决定了企业家必须塑造的方式，以补充业务。将企业家定义为领导者的理论没有提出任何与管理相关的内容，而管理的支持者则主张，在创业初期，企业家需要保持稳定，这就要求他们始终保持管理者的身份。接下为论文代写将对企业家应是领导者而不是管理进行以下分析。

管理理论包括构建和分析员工的行为角色，避免战略实施中断所需的干预措施，以及监督部门间和人际关系和员工的角色(Bovée & Thill, 2013)。经理的这些活动和责任与员工参与、管理关系和指导所采用战略的发展的领导素质相一致。Daft(2000)密切研究了企业家精神，他断言企业家必须足够灵活，以实践领导者和管理者的双重角色。在他看来，一个好的领导，基本上是一个好的管理者。这使得双重角色根据需求的类型成为可能。企业家成为领导者的可能性更大是因为商业环境的不断变化，这挑战了现状和管理带来的稳定性(Karol, 2015)。当企业需要不断更新以应对不断变化的外部环境时，追求稳定的管理者可能无法引导组织战略，从而无法实现目标。这一特殊观点得到了Rothaermel(2013)的支持，他认为管理企业家精神比简单的管理实践更有利可图。相比之下，一个特别具备管理问题，外部环境挑战，并理解所构建的响应类型和质量的领导者，战略执行继续不受干扰和精简(Cogliser & Brigham, 2004)。例如，Facebook的创始人马克·扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)是一个比传统管理者更具有领导力的管理者，因为他所创立的企业类型需要不断的变化和迎接未来的挑战。

Bernasconi, Harris & Moensted(2013)也肯定地提出企业家应该成为领导者而不是管理者，因为技术创新需要对市场中的新干扰保持持续的警惕。Phillips(2009)还提出了领导力管理理论，在该理论中，除了对未来预期的变化和挑战做出反应外，企业家在意识到当前需要实现的承诺时是最佳的。要做到这一点，不仅仅需要成为一名管理者，还必须具备领导洞察力。每天都是不同的，尽管组织行为和过程的稳定性是加强控制和标准化的基本要求，但应对来自组织运营的日常挑战需要领导层的响应(运河，2016年)。现在的企业比以往任何时候都更加脆弱，因为不确定性主宰着市场，这为企业家专注于领导组织所需要的变革提供了强有力的理由。

Samson & Daft(2014)提出，管理带来稳定和高效的组织，而领导力鼓励参与，以解决新情况。对于企业家来说，稳定与领导企业满足新条件和挑战现状一样重要(Sehovic, 2014)。这本身就需要更多的灵活性，这可以由基于员工参与和应对新挑战的民主领导提供。例如，Thrillist Media集团的首席执行官兼联合创始人本·勒勒(Ben Lerer)，由于他所创立的业务类型，在每天接受新想法和新产品时必须更有远见，更有创新精神。发现新的挑战需要更少的管理和更多的领导监督(GarcƯa-Ruiz & Toninelli, 2016)。因此，如果企业家只是像一个管理者一样行事，它可能不足以满足组织竞争力所需的新情况。然而，如果企业家是一个领导者，并意识到业务的变化性质，它就足以解决和消除所有预期的风险，因为其操作的结果。Kuratko(2013)确定了企业家的管理能力，他们既具备管理日常任务的能力，也具备监督未来预测的能力，以满足企业的战略目标。考虑到沃尔特·迪士尼，由于工业化时代的不同和企业竞争要求的不同，他相对于同时代的企业家来说是相当稳定的。因此，稳定性可能是一个更可取的属性，但由于持续的不确定性阴影随着业务，这是必不可少的领导者接受和实施变化。

Management theory involves the construction and analysis of behavioural roles of employees, the required interventions to avoid disruption in strategy implementation, and overseeing inter-departmental and interpersonal relationships and roles of employees (Bovée & Thill, 2013). These activities and responsibilities of the manager coincide with the leadership qualities of employee engagement, managing relationships, and steering the growth of the strategy employed. Daft (2000) who has studies entrepreneurship closely asserts that entrepreneurs must be flexible enough to practice the dual role of a leader and a manager. As per him, a good leader is, fundamentally by default, a good manager. This makes the dual role possible dependent on the type of need. More certain for the entrepreneur to become a leader is because of the constantly changing environment of business, which challenges status quo and the stability that management brings (Karol, 2015). When the business requires constant refreshment to be able to cope with the changing external environment, a manager who vies stability may not be able to steer the organisational strategy, and hence fail to attain the objective. This particular view is seconded by Rothaermel (2013) who considers managerial entrepreneurship a more lucrative leadership than simple management practice. In contrast, a leader who is exceptionally equipped with management issues, external environment challenges, and understands the type and quality of response to be constructed, strategy implementation continues to be undisrupted and streamlined (Cogliser & Brigham, 2004). For example, Mark Zuckerberg, who started Facebook, was a more leadership oriented manager than being a traditional manager, because the type of business he founded required constant change and meeting challenges of the future.

Bernasconi, Harris & Moensted (2013) also affirmatively propound the entrepreneur to be a leader more than a manager, because technology innovation requires constant alertness to new disruptions in the market. Phillips (2009) also propounds a theory of leadership management, in which the entrepreneur is best while being aware of the current commitments to be met, in addition to responding to the anticipated changes and challenges of the future. This is not achieved by merely being a manager, but one must also harbour a leadership insight. Every day is different, and despite stability in organisational behaviour and processes is a fundamental requirement in enhancing control and standardisation, meeting daily challenges originating out of the organisation’s operations requires a leadership response (Canals, 2016). Businesses are more fragile now than ever before, as uncertainty reigns supreme in the market, which makes a strong case for the entrepreneur to be engrossed in leading the change that is required of the organisation.

Samson & Daft (2014) proposes that management brings stability and efficient organisation, whereas leadership encourages engagement to address new conditions. For an entrepreneur, stability is as important as leading the business to meet new conditions that present themselves and challenge the status quo (Sehovic, 2014). This, by itself, requires more flexibility which can be provided by the democratic leadership based on employee involvement and addressing new challenges. As for example, Ben Lerer, CEO and co-founder of the Thrillist Media group, had to be more forward looking and equally innovative in accepting new ideas and products on a daily basis, owing to the type of business he founded. Identifying new challenges requires less of management and more of leadership oversight (GarcƯa-Ruiz & Toninelli, 2016). Hence, if the entrepreneur is only behaving like a manager, it may not suffice the organisational competitiveness required to address new condition. However, if the entrepreneur is a leader and is aware of the changing nature of business, it is sufficient to address and eliminate all risks that are anticipated as a result of its operations. Kuratko (2013) identifies the managerial capabilities of an entrepreneur who is equally equipped with managing daily tasks and also to oversee future predictions to meet the strategic goals of the business. Considering Walt Disney, he was rather stable compared to current generation of entrepreneurs because of the difference in the epochs of industrialization and the requirement of businesses to be competitive. Hence, stability may be a more desirable attribute, but owing to constant shadow of uncertainty following the business, it is essential to be a leader to accept and implement change.

以上内容就是论文代写专家对企业家应是领导者而不是管理者的分析与讨论。如果留学生们没有足够的时间来完成英语论文与作业，论文代写推荐留学生选择英国论文代写Advancedthesis服务。因为其服务公司的论文创作专家团队由高素质和经验丰富的学术作家组成，保障论文创作质量与合理的论文代写价格。除此之外，还为留学生提供essay代写、assignment代写、硕士论文代写等服务，从而让留学生们轻松应对论文写作并创作出专属个人的优秀论文!

英国代写：实证主义哲学

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英国代写：实证主义哲学。实证主义哲学中有一些关键的假设，有必要了解这些假设，以便负责地分析为定量研究方法收集的数据。首先，对现实世界和分析对象假定一个客观的实在性。其次，这种范式假设人们在分析数据以得出结论时理解了这个客观现实(Neuman, 2000)。被揭示的客观现实被理解为与人们的知识是分离的，因此被研究的对象与主体是分离的。这使得实证主义更加科学，对真理的揭示也更加公正和客观。接下来英国代写将对实证主义哲学进行以下分析。

在理解一个现象是如何被触发或影响时，假设了一个一般的因果模式。识别这些模式导致识别更新的知识或更新的因果关系。最后一个关键因素是，要对这些看法进行完全的经验验证，从而得出更准确的数据。这种形式的研究没有偏见，而且达到了客观性。

实证主义哲学背后的哲学或意识形态是，无论研究者对世界拥有什么样的知识或信仰，只有一个单一的客观现实(Carson et al.， 2001)。因此，识别这一单一的客观现实成为实证主义研究范式的焦点。有控制和有组织的方法只有助于确定这一客观现实(Churchill, 1996)。为了不玷污这种客观分析，实证主义研究人员将需要脱离参与者。他们以情感中立的方式收集数据，这样研究人员就不必执着于数据收集过程。理性与情感的分离是对客观现实的识别。一个明确的隔离个人经验，甚至主观的知识被搁置一边遵循严格的实验方法和统计调查(Neuman, 2000)。调查结果是这样被接受的，因为它们是理性的，经过逻辑计算的。不受时间和背景影响的概括是由实证主义研究人员做出的，他们相信通过将自己与研究参与者分开，他们已经使他们的研究结论尽可能客观。事实和价值判断在这里也被分开(Hudson和Ozanne, 1988)。

实证主义和定量研究方法之间的联系在于，定量研究方法有助于客观地看待事物，正如实证主义所要求的那样。定量方法，如社会调查，统计调查等往往可以收集大量的数据，因为所收集的数据的数字性质。实证主义认为，社会事实是建立客观现实所必需的，必须大量收集社会事实。在这里，趋势和模式比个人更重要。科学技术和研究方法将被应用于揭示社会关系的形式、模式、因果关系和收集数据的明确确定的变量之间的相关性(Ponterotto, 2005)。

基于假设的研究是在定量研究的实证主义范式中进行的。假设将涉及两个或多个变量。变量根据某种逻辑或因果关系进行操作，并被确定为自变量和因变量。收集到的数据通常会证明假设或替代假设是肯定的(Lincoln和Guba, 1985)。

There are some critical assumptions in the positivist philosophy and it is necessary to understand these assumptions to responsibly analyse data as collected for the quantitative research method. Firstly, an objective reality is assumed with respect to the real world and the object of analysis. Secondly, this paradigm assumes that people understand this objective reality when data is analysed to generate conclusions (Neuman, 2000). The objective reality being uncovered is understood as being separate from the people’s knowledge, and hence the object being investigated is separated from the subject. This makes positivism more scientific and the uncovering of truth is unbiased and objective as well. Thirdly, there are prediction and control assumptions.

A general pattern of cause and effect is assumed when understanding how a phenomenon is triggered or affected. Identifying these patterns leads to the identification of newer knowledge or newer causal relations. The final key element is that there is complete empirical verification of these perceptions, which lead to data that are more accurate. This form of research is bias free, and objectivity is achieved.

The philosophy or ideology behind the positivist philosophy is that irrespective of what knowledge or belief that researcher possesses of the world, there is only a single objective reality (Carson et al., 2001). Therefore, identifying this single objective reality thus becomes the focus of the positivist research paradigms. A controlled and structured approach would only be helpful in identifying this objective reality (Churchill, 1996). In order to not stain this objective analysis, positivist researchers will need to detach themselves from the participants. They collect data in emotionally neutral ways where the researcher does not have to get attached to the data collection process. Reason and feeling are separated to identify objective reality. A clear-cut segregation of the personal experience and even subjective knowledge is laid aside to follow a strict experimental method and statistical investigation (Neuman, 2000). The results of the investigation are accepted as such, since they are rational and logically calculated. Time free and context free generalizations are made by the positivist researchers who believe that by separating themselves from the research participants, they have made their research conclusions as objective as they possibly can. Fact and value judgements are also separated here (Hudson and Ozanne, 1988).

The connection between positivism and quantitative research methods lies in the fact that quantitative research methods help see things as objectively as positivism requires it to. Quantitative methods such as social surveys, statistical investigations and more can often gather large amounts of data because of the numeric nature of data being collected. Positivism sees social facts as being necessary to establish the objective reality and social facts have to be collected in large amounts. Trends and patterns more than the individual are given more importance here. Scientific techniques and methods of study will be applied to uncover the form of social relationships, patterns, causal and correlations between clearly established variables for which data is collected (Ponterotto, 2005).

Hypothesis based research is done in the positivist paradigm of quantitative research. The hypothesis will involve two or more variables. The variables are operationalized as per some logical or causal relationship and it is identified as independent and dependent variables. The data collected will usually prove the hypothesis or an alternative hypothesis is affirmed (Lincoln and Guba, 1985).

以上内容就是英国代写对实证主义哲学的分析。如果留学生们没有足够的时间来完成英语论文与作业，论文代写推荐留学生选择英国论文代写Advancedthesis服务。因为其服务公司的论文创作专家团队由高素质和经验丰富的学术作家组成，保障论文创作质量与合理的论文代写价格。除此之外，还为留学生提供essay代写、assignment代写、硕士论文代写等服务，从而让留学生们轻松应对论文写作并创作出专属个人的优秀论文!

论文代写：全球化对日本儿童的影响

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论文代写：全球化对日本儿童的影响。在日本已经观察到全球化的影响，但日本不是全球化的拥护者，也不是利用全球化到在其社会的经济阶层有更大的涓滴效应的人。这使得日本对菲茨帕特里克提出的全球化的不同观点持怀疑态度。日本人很少出国留学，移民的流入和流出也相当低。净移民几乎为零(《日本时报》，2018)。在这方面，全球化对从概念上理解的任何国家解决儿童贫困问题的影响都不大。接下来论文代写专家将全球化对日本儿童的影响进行以下分析。

该国的经济自由度得分为72.3，截至2018年，其经济自由度在世界上排名第30位(Heritage, 2018)。总体得分上升2.7分左右，说明财政状况良好。然而，由于不灵活的劳动法和高度管制的招聘系统，全球企业在该国面临问题(Thelen和Kume, 1999)。平均关税为1.4%，而且还存在阻碍贸易的非关税壁垒。

在全球化在国内不太受欢迎的情况下，儿童贫困率的改善速度较慢。大约350万日本儿童属于相对贫困的家庭(根据经合组织的比较指南)。他们的家庭收入低于全国可支配收入的中位数。截至2015年，与2012年相比，情况有所改善。2012年，卫生、劳动和福利省称，该国在儿童贫困方面处于最糟糕的时期。然而，这种改善表明，还有更多的空间。

与日本等工业化国家相比，单亲家庭的情况并没有改善。单亲家庭贫困率高达50.8%。与其他经合组织国家相比，日本的数字较低。经合组织的平均水平为13.3%，日本为11.4%。单亲母亲家庭被贷款压垮了。法律援助不仅仅是经济上的，还帮助儿童接受教育。此外，全球化引入的一体化劳动观念的缺乏使这些单身母亲不断面临风险。在没有足够就业机会的欧洲和北欧国家，有针对失业者的公共援助计划。然而，在日本，这部分“不稳定的工人别无选择，只能接受不充分就业。这些不稳定阶层在恶劣的工作条件下从事非自愿的兼职和临时工作，部分或完全被禁止获得社会保障(Bhalla和Lapeyre, 2004年，第71页)。这在经济上耗尽了单身母亲的精力，让孩子失去了社会地位。事实上，这种不稳定的工作需求迫使日本单身母亲从“约舍场”(yoseba)或临时劳动力市场中作为临时工工作，转向由管理者控制的剥削性劳动力市场，称为“nunpudashi”或工人寄宿公寓(Webster, 2001)。对全球化机遇的不充分利用导致国家和工人与资本主义增长进行斗争，这反过来阻止了经济中的涓滴效应，并将斗争的责任放在了工人身上。因此，在需要采取法律措施加以纠正的情况下，儿童贫困成为一种不希望出现的结果。

Globalization effects have been observed in Japan, but Japan was not a champion of globalization or of making use of it to such an extent to have a greater trickle-down benefit in economic stratum of its society. This makes Japan a sceptic in the different perspectives of globalization presented by Fitzpatrick. FDI flows were at the highest globally in 2007, however in Japan, it was observed that the country missed out on the FDI boom and its overall contribution in FDI was around 2 percent in GDP only. There were less mergers and acquisitions (around 2 percent in world value) which puts the trade of Japan at the outliers. The share of imports is low. In terms of tourism which globalization is said to have impacted in a positive way, Japan has less than 10 percent foreign tourism compared to China and the Eastern Block. Very little Japanese study abroad and inflows and outflows in immigration are quite low. Net immigration is nearly zero (The Japan Times, 2018). In this context, the influence of globalization with respect to addressing child poverty situation for any country as understood conceptually would not be great.

The economic freedom score of the country is 72.3 and its economy is the thirtieth freest in the world as of 2018 (Heritage, 2018). The overall score increases of around 2.7 shows its good fiscal health. However, global businesses face issues with the country because of inflexible labour laws and a recruitment system that is highly regimented (Thelen and Kume, 1999). The average tariff rate is 1.4 percent and in addition, there are non-tariff barriers that impeded trade in the country.

In this context of globalization being not so well received within the country, the child poverty rate shows slower improvement. Around 3.5 million Japanese children belong to a household that is in relative poverty (as per OECD comparison guidelines). Their household income falls below the median national disposable income. As of 2015, there was some improvement as compared to 2012 when the Health Labour and Welfare Ministry stated that the country was at its worst with respect to child poverty. However, the improvement shows that there is scope for more.

Compared to industrialized nations similar to Japan, the situation has not improved for single parent homes. Poverty rate in single parent households were at a high of 50.8 percent. Compared against the other OECD countries, Japan has a lower figure. OECD average is 13.3 percent and Japan’s falls at 11.4 percent. Single mother households are held down by loans. More than economical, legal aid was brought into effect to help children receive an education. In addition, the lack of integrating labour concepts introduced through globalization puts these single mothers at continuous risks. In European and Nordic countries where there is no adequate employment, then there are public assistance schemes available for the unemployed. However, in Japan, this “precarious segments of workers have no alternative but to accept underemployment. These precarious segments are occupied in involuntary part-time and temporary employment under poor working conditions and are partially or fully barred from access to social security (Bhalla and Lapeyre, 2004, p.71). This drains the single mothers economically and leaves the children social bereft. In fact, such precarious needs to work pushes Japanese single mothers from working as causal labourers in the “yoseba” or the casual labour market to the exploitive labour markets controlled by managers, called the “nunpudashi” or worker boarding houses (Webster, 2001). Underexploiting the opportunities in globalization has led the country and its labourers into a fight with capitalistic growth and this in turn stops trickle down benefits in economy and puts the onus on the workers to struggle. Child poverty hence becomes an undesired outcome in the situation requiring legal measure to correct it.

以上内容就是全球化对日本儿童的影响分析。如果留学生们没有足够的时间来完成英语论文与作业，论文代写推荐留学生选择英国论文代写Advancedthesis服务。因为其服务公司的论文创作专家团队由高素质和经验丰富的学术作家组成，保障论文创作质量与合理的论文代写价格。除此之外，还为留学生提供essay代写、assignment代写、硕士毕业论文代写等服务，从而让留学生们轻松应对论文写作并创作出专属个人的优秀论文!