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英国论文代写:养老金改革制度的挑战

英国论文代写:养老金改革制度的挑战。由于政治改革、财政问题等原因,牛津英语词典收录国家的养老金状况正在发生变化。所有经合组织国家的养老金制度各不相同,但面临的挑战是相似的。多年来,为了应对养老金制度的挑战,各国建立了养老金改革。主要的改革发生在经济危机期间和之后。当时人们理解了财政整顿的必要性和改善现有政策的迫切需要。一些领取养老金的人没有受到福利削减的影响,其中一些人是利用经济刺激政策进行改革的一部分。接下来英国论文代写专家将为同学们分析讨论下养老金改革制度的挑战。

多年来,为了应对养老金制度的挑战,各国建立了养老金改革。主要的改革发生在经济危机期间和之后。当时人们理解了财政整顿的必要性和改善现有政策的迫切需要。一些领取养老金的人没有受到福利削减的影响,其中一些人是利用经济刺激政策进行改革的一部分。然而,随着时间的推移,改革更多的是财政巩固,此类计划的目标是基于整体公共支出和其他GDP因素。经济合作与发展组织(OECD)国家的整体公共支出平均增长到17%左右,冰岛和意大利的公共支出在3%和30%之间。

养老金改革提议挑战最低退休年龄。过去,最低年龄是65岁,67岁退休是例外。但是,在经济合作与发展组织(OECD)的许多国家,67岁退休年龄已经成为一种常态,而不是例外。在一些国家,这个年龄已经被移到了68岁,甚至68岁。捷克共和国已经对退休年龄政策进行了无限期的提高(CESIfo, 2015)。现在根据这项政策,退休年龄增加了,每年两个月。一些国家在可持续性方面引入了自动调整机制,并试图重新平衡其养老金体系。已授权对可能影响领取养恤金者的养恤金福利并将对该国未来的财政规划产生影响的人口、经济学和其他财务参数进行广泛研究。

主要的挑战是如何使该计划在财政上可持续的国家,同时确保退休公民有足够的养老金,他们需要一个舒适的生活(经合组织,2013年)。为下一代提供养老金的成本不应该太高,这些担忧在已经出现人口老龄化的国家更加突出。公共养恤金计划较小的国家用私人养恤金计划管理,但不能说所有国家都设法使其养恤金领取者超过贫困门槛。

这里的主要挑战是,这是一个非常复杂的问题。政府需要结合社会因素和个人的生活历程来了解经济因素。在这里,仅仅纠正养老金制度可能没有用。由于单靠它们无法纠正不平等,因此有必要对养老金制度将如何影响退休人员、它将如何影响当前和未来的工薪阶层,以及如何在几代人之间处理日益加剧的不平等问题进行更具战略性的思考(OECD, 2013)。私人养老金在这方面的作用也需要分析和理解。

Pension reforms have been created for countries over the years in order to handle the challenges in pension system. The major reforms happened during and after the economic crises. A need for fiscal consolidation and an urgent need to improve existing policies were understood at this time. Some pensioners were spared benefit cuts, and some of them were part of reforms that made use of the economic stimulus. However, with time, the reforms were more of fiscal consolidation and the aim of such programs was based on the overall public spending and other GDP elements. Overall public spending had increased to around 17 percent as an average across OECD countries and it was within the range of 3 and 30 percent in Iceland and Italy.

Pension reforms proposed to contest the minimum age of retirement. In the past, the minimum age was 65 and a retirement age of 67 was an exception. However, in many OECD nations, the retirement age of 67 has become a norm rather than an exception. In some countries, the age has been moved to 68 or even 68. The Czech Republic has put an open-ended increase in pension age policy (CESIfo, 2015). Now according to this policy, there is an increase of pension age, two months per year. Some nations have introduced automatic adjustments in sustainability and try to rebalance their pension systems. Extensive research on the subject of demographic, economics and other financial parameters that could influence pension benefits to the pensioners and that will have an effect on future financial planning for the country have been authorized.

Pension landscape in the OED countries is changing because of political reforms, financial issues and more. All OECD countries are different in their pension scheme and yet the challenges are similar. Primarily, the challenge is of how to make the scheme financially sustainable for the countries and at the same time assure retired citizens of adequate pension that they need for a comfortable living (OECD, 2013). Costs of pension provision should not become high for the next generation to bear, and these concerns are even more highlighted with countries that already have aging population. Countries with smaller public pension schemes manage with private schemes and yet it cannot be said that all countries manage to have their pensioners above the

The major challenge here is that this is a much complex problem. Government needs to understand economic factors in conjunction with social factors and life course of individuals. Correcting the pension system alone might not be useful here. As they alone cannot correct inequalities, it is necessary to develop a more strategic thinking of how pension systems will affect pensioners, how it will affect wage earners in current times and in the future, and how can rising inequalities be handled over the generations (OECD, 2013). The role of private pensions in this context also needs to be analyzed and understood.

以上内容就是英国论文代写专家对养老金改革制度的挑战分析。同学们如果需要论文代写帮助,在这里推荐同学们放心选择英国论文代写Advancedthesis服务公司。因为其服务公司的论文创作专家团队由高素质和经验丰富的学术作家组成,保障论文创作质量且没有任何抄袭或剽窃行为。除此之外,还为留学生们提供硕士论文代写、essay代写、毕业论文代写等服务,而且论文代写价钱公平合理,保证论文原创,并使用权威的抄袭检测系统,避免论文出现重复率过高的情况发生,从而让留学生们轻松应对论文写作并创作出专属个人的优秀论文!