标签存档： 英国代写毕业论文

论文代写-LPA信号在人类疾病中的表达

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论文代写-LPA信号在人类疾病中的表达。ATX将溶血磷脂酰胆碱转化为LPA。它们作用于特定的GPCRs。已经观察到激活多个信号通路(图3)。LPA信号转导的结果依赖于先天LPA受体(co-)表达模式和组织环境。LPA的细胞反应包括刺激细胞迁移、存活和增殖过程。ATX和LPA信号异常是机体多种疾病的根本原因。缺血缺氧在心肌梗死过程中对心肌细胞的损伤起着重要作用。LPA保护多种细胞类型免受缺氧诱导的凋亡。

ATX converts lysophosphatidylcholine into LPA. They act on specific GPCRs. It has been observed to activate multiple signaling pathways (figure 3). The outcome of LPA signaling depends on the innate LPA receptor (co-)expression patterns and tissue context. The cellular responses of LPA include stimulation of cell migration, survival and in the proliferation process. Abnormal ATX and LPA signaling are the root causes of many conditions in the body. Ischemia and hypoxia plays an integral role in causing damage to cardiac myocytes during myocardialinfarction. LPA protects many kinds of cell types from hypoxia-induced apoptosis.
These include cardiac myocytes, renalcells and mesenchymal stem cells to name a few (24-25). Experiments showed that LPAR1 and LPAR3 contribute to hypertrophic response. It executed through activation of Gi and multiple downstream effectors. These include Rho, PI3K/Akt, and NF-kB. It is observed in vivo and in vitro (26, 27). LPA suppresses is oprenaline induced the cell shortening. It enables by the activation of LPA1 or LPA3 in a PTX sensitive action. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity is also increased by LPA in cardiacmyocytes, then incraing the utilization and in the deposition of lipids. These subsequently lead to contractility impairment (28). Many studies seem to suggest that significant contribution of genetic or biological factors is found in the psychiatric disorders. LPA aids to the progression of some of the psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, even though it has the potential to alter the physiology of neurons, glial cells and their related progenitors (29). LPA also aids to the progression of tumors and cancers. The first report of LPA which can induce in vitro tumor cell invasion was documented in 1993 (30). Subsequent research analysis indicates that LPA is the causal variables for many of the tumor progressions in the body.Angiogenesis is important mechanism that aids towards tumor growth, therefore for supplying oxygen and nutrition to support tumor growth.Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the major factor that is yielded by the tumor cells. It leads to further amplification of angiogenesis. Inhibition of VEGF could lead to the impediment of the tumor progression (31). Evidence is emerging that LPA signaling contributes to psychiatric disorders. Long-term spatial memory related to LPA pathway was reported by Dash et al. (32). The LPA concentration also states that significant amount of LPA is in the rat brain (33). In the process of the rearrangement of synaptic connections to form neuronal plasticity, neurite retraction and outgrowth is required. This is regulated by LPA signaling pathway (34).LPA1-4 is expressed in ovary and LPA4 expression is observed to be higher in ovary when compared to any other tissue in human. Hormonal stimulation resulted in increasing autotaxin activity in women ovaries (35). LPA/prostaglandin signaling indicates that they have an important role it plays in the embryonic development and maintenance of pregnancy in sheep and pig. The role of LPA signaling in found to be reproduction (36, 37). Research indicates that LPA has significant involvement in male and female reproductive systems.

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毕业论文代写-宜家简化工作绩效概念的需要

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毕业论文代写-宜家简化工作绩效概念的需要。根据宜家提供的案例研究，大约50%的产品是由回收或可持续产品制成的。宜家考虑在制作家具时使用最少的材料，同时确保不影响耐用性和质量(Rangan et al.， 2014)。通过使用更少的材料，公司最终减少了运输成本，因为接收材料和运输产品所需的人力和燃料更少。各组织生活的多样性和复杂性增加了超越两极分化和过分简化的工作绩效概念的需要，以认识到解决和接受矛盾的必要性。

Moving ahead with the overall discussion from the perspective of the case study, irrespective of the major achievements of IKEA, problems of sustainability in the wood supply chain of IKEA was known to be extremely challenging. The key reason is that the company sought for the procurement of wood products and wood close to the markets of consumer for minimizing costs of transportation (Strand, 2009). However, the plans for initiation of growth had major focus on the platforms of emerging market within which there was lack of suppliers of wood and they failed in meeting the stringent standards of sustainability across the organization. In this context, the company has achieved significant success as it implemented People and Planet Positive Strategy and integrated concerns of sustainability within the core decisions of business. This had been specifically true with the sustainable wood initiatives of the organization, spanned across the functions of supply chain, procurement and design (So et al., 2012). The key implications to separate managing uncertainty from managing commitment are quite far- reaching than considered. Focusing on the significant yet short term uncertainties like the supply chain, the reputation of the company is highly affected further demanding change in the overall process.

Majority of the strategies are presented over certain beliefs related to the future. This is a significant issue as there is deep unpredictability in the future. In addition, in order to achieve breakthrough success, there is a need to implement strategies such that there is a different positive version of the future differently in comparison with what is planned. The key outcome is the strategy paradox perceiving the maximum possibility to achieve success also involves higher chances of failure (Strand, 2009). The resolution of paradox requires a different way to think about uncertainty and strategy. In order to deal with the issue of sustainable wood supply chain that is the strategy paradox in this case, the company has been thinking differently. IKEA has been making significant investment of effort and time for improving and assessing the sustainability underlying the practices of procuring wood (So et al., 2012). Key standards have been set by IKEA for the specification of minimally accepted standards for protection of environment and conditions at work at the suppliers of manufacturing. Since the year 2013, the company has been aggressively auditing its supply chain with a considerable focus on the suppliers of home furnishing.

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論文代寫-心理學概念解析

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論文代寫-心理學概念解析。心理學概念:這是一個重要的概念，它討論了快樂的來源，並聲稱快樂是一種心理狀態和一種感覺。各種各樣的感覺產生了我們所說的幸福。它是指一個人過著令人滿意的生活，平衡好與壞的事情。心理學概念還包括享樂主義的幸福觀。在享樂主義的觀點中，幸福是通過生活中的快樂來尋求的。幸福的生活是最大的快樂或愉快的經歷和最小的痛苦的生活。它起源於邊沁的功利主義。

Psychological concepts: This is an important concept which discusses the source of happiness and also claims that happiness is a state of mind and is a feeling. Various kinds of feelings give rise to what we call happiness. It is when someone leads a satisfactory life and balances out the good things with the bad things. The psychological conception also includes the hedonistic view on happiness. In the hedonistic view, happiness is sought through pleasures in life. A happy life is a life of maximum pleasures or pleasant experiences and minimum pain. It has its roots in Bentham’s utilitarianism. Hedonistic view is more of an affect. When pleasure is chosen over pain, happiness is said to have sought. This is said to be based on subjective wellbeing, which is another concept that scientifically denotes “a happy life” and everything required for it.

Also, for the participants, it is all about being stuck up with the company that the people think is best. The customers believed that this phone is really the fastest one in the market especially when it came to the high price of the product. With its high price, came forward higher maintenance, but this was ignored by the customers of the company (Albert, 2010). The focus was also on trying to find a proper schedule, contact and reminder for the product. There was no issue in finding out any other problem by the customers with regard to their Apple I-phone. The focus was on ensuring that transparency of the product is maintained. If there is no transparency then the customers do not prefer purchasing the product.

This paper is of the notion that through in depth analysis of interviews, it becomes possible to understand the needs and requirements of customers with regard to a product or service. I-phone 6 has been successful in the market, but its flaws have also been prominent. This flaw needs to be prominently dealt by the company to make a difference for its product and its service delivered to the customers. Therefore, needs analysis and prioritizing the needs were of utmost significance.

The affective component in this theory is mainly the component which includes the increase of positive affect in life (more pleasures), the decrease of negative affect in life (lessening of pain), and the cognitive component which is satisfied with the way life is going on. Also this conception states that people who are happy as per this concept have more persistent moods. It means that a person’s emotional condition can be said to be stable, with better judgements, satisfactory decisions and stable moods. Thus, keeping the psychological conception of happiness in mind, it can be said that when man seeks pleasures and more positivity and not negativity and is satisfied with the way his life works out, he receives happiness.

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英国传播学论文代写-与OST项目相关的经济前景

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英国传播学论文代写-与OST项目相关的经济前景。在任何OST程序中都有不同的事件。对于那些涉及大量年轻参与者的项目，有不同的多焦点项目，提供大量的活动，以学术和娱乐为目的。这些项目通常不会有很大的成本，无论是在每小时的时间和每天在学校的整体运行时间(Brown et al.， 2002)。因此，可以说不同的校本项目所需的成本并不高。这是因为在OST项目中由人员执行的任何活动中都没有太多的支出。

Each and every day, there are millions of people who attend the out of school training programs. In the present times, the need for having the quality and valuable programs has also increased largely. In order to succeed in the same, there is a requirement for a large amount of cash. This is used in the number of factors such as the location of the programs, structures of the staff, hours of operation and other ancillary services. There are different events within any OST Program. For those programs which involve the younger participants in large numbers, there are different multi focus programs which offer a large number of activities for the purpose of academics and recreation. These programs generally do not have very large costs both during the times of per hour and per day during the overall runtime of the school (Brown et al., 2002). Therefore, it can be said that the cost required for the different school based programs isn’t very high. This is because there is not much expenditure in any of the activities which are implemented by the people in the OST programs.
A majority of cost involved in this case is related to the process of staffing. For examples, it is required to have a separate staff member for each of the individual activity. This involves a lot of cost as every individual will have to be paid in a proper manner. Another important factor which defines the cost includes the geographic location. For example, the cost would be higher in the locations such as city and will be lower in the places which are far from the city. If the OST activities are near the city, the cost of the room will be much higher in comparison to the outside locations.
One of the ways by which the funds in the different OST programs can be easily managed is through the donations which are given for these programs. Also, the OST programs have a completely positive benefit on the children. Therefore, they are also provided a number of subsidies from the government (Terille et al., 2008). In order to run the OST program, it is important to do the overall estimation of the costs can be done on the basis of the number of programs. In order to do the same, the individual costing for each and every program is required to be done.
Why OST Programs is a good investment?
OST Programs is a very good investment for the children and the parents as it helps in the overall development of their child. These programs help the child and the parents to take optimal decisions which otherwise the children may not do. Firstly, the OST programs helps in providing the sense of self worth among the children which can’t be done that effectively by the children. Secondly, these program helps in fostering the child to make the decisions in an independent manner and to ensure that they follow self disciplinary ethics. Thirdly, it provides different opportunities for success which may otherwise include risk. Fourthly, an OST program helps in meeting of the individual need of the child whenever it is possible. Fifthly, the OST programs provide the students to develop in a cognitive manner which is not possible otherwise.

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毕业论文代写-新西兰某葡萄酒行业组织的战略分析

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毕业论文代写-新西兰某葡萄酒行业组织的战略分析。本论文以新西兰某葡萄酒行业组织的战略分析为主题，旨在分析影响该组织绩效的各种因素。为了评估这些因素，战略将被用于研究影响组织的因素，这些战略工具将用于分析组织的内部和外部环境是PESTEL，增值和波特的五力分析。业务的财务状况也起着至关重要的作用在决定业务的能力抓住机会向业务的扩张businessThis计划将覆盖策略将有助于利用弗雷明汉的葡萄酒的优势和删除的劣势,抓住机会对业务的商业环境和应对威胁。葡萄酒行业正在向客户提供各种各样的葡萄酒，在市场上，葡萄酒的客户群和销量都有了增长。

Legal:legal factors can be explained as the sum of the legal factors which include the laws, rules and regulation of a country. Legal framework binds the company to act with the framework so as to avoid the implications over the business. Framingham Winesneed to analyse the legal factors of the country for operating within the legal framework.
From the PESTEL analysis it can be analysed the impact of different macro environment factors over the performance of Framingham Wines. It is one of the most popular wine manufacturers which is providing various brands of wines. The macro environment factors present in New Zealand are creating impacts over the products or services offered by Framingham Wines to its customers in the different parts of the world. It is a growing wine company which is operating at a large scale so as to provide quality services to the customers. The wines produced by Framingham Wines are offered in different parts of the world and the wines produced by Framingham Wines are listed in “The 2016 fine wines list of New Zealand”.
Functional level strategy:functional level strategy is focused on the improvement in the different operations of the business such as marketing, production, finance and many more. Framingham Wines need to maintain the level of effectiveness so as to execute or conduct these operations of the business in a proper manner (Capitello et al., 2014).
All these strategies have been used by Framingham Wines so as to attain the objectives of the organisation and enhancing its customer base. Framingham Wines is offering wines to its customers and these wines are Riesling, Montepulciano, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Gewürztraminer, Pinot Noir and Viognier. PESTEL, value chain and Porter’s five forces analysis have helped Framingham Wines in analysing the environment in which Framingham Wines exists and identification of the strategies for the attainment of effectiveness in the operations of the organisation. Internationalisation has helped in the expansion of the area of operation of the organisation, Differentiation has helped in provide unique products to the customers, social media has helped in the promotion of the products of Framingham Wines in an effective manner, direct communication has helped in better communication with the different stakeholders and functional level strategy has helped in improving the performance of the different functions of Framingham Wines.

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代做assignment-非金融公司使用图表的情况分析

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代做assignment-非金融公司使用图表的情况分析。近年来，大型上市公司年报发生了巨大的变化。它从过去的一个非常大的格式文件，现在很大程度上变成了公共关系文件。在这种文件中，公司的财务报表与“技术附录”有关。目前，大多数上市公司都在使用可视化表示方法来表示必要和重要的信息。这样做是为了传达重要和有效的财务和非财务信息。为了使其在视觉上更具吸引力和解释性，图表与财务报表以及与财务报表相关的附注一起使用。本研究的主要目的是对英国大多数主要银行在使用图表时可能存在的性质和差异进行调查。这有助于比较变量的图表表示方式，因为之前一些研究的结果可能侧重于一些非金融公司。

In the previous literature, it is actually the self-serving motivation which may help in the determination of the selective use of the graphs. The management of the companies needs to have the incentives which may be help in the representation of the performance of the companies in the best possible manner which may result in the selective financial misinterpretation. The graphs have been generally adopted and designed in such a manner that they can help in the adoption of the financial signals which may be sent to the annual report users. This may also help in the adoption and design of the financial signals to different users, to help in the enhancement of the perception of the customers and the lead the users to make the sub-optimal decisions related to the financial information. In the financial graphs selectivity may be occurring whenever there may be a favourable trend. Whenever there is an absence of the graphs, it may conceal the poor performance of the companies (Dimaggio, 1983). On the other hand, the companies use the graphs for the purpose of making the good performance more salient to the users. The overall outcome of the management of the impressions is that the information which may be covered through the graph is not completely neutral. The information may be relevant in some or the other manner. From the previous studies, it has been found that selectivity has been used for the purpose of highlighting of the financial performance variables with the help of the graphs. The financial performance indicators may generally be graphed in the annual reports of the banks with a good annual performance of the banks.
As per the positive accounting theory, it may be predicted that the different managers who are the part of some of the highly visible firms are exposed to the public scrutiny and regulator’s attention of the media. This may also deem the large increase in the performance of the company which may be salient to the annual report users as these are among the regulators. Dilia and Jarvin (2010) also found that some of the large non-financial companies which have the greater financial performance may actually be less likely to volunteer the key financial indicators of the graphs.
The different banks may operate in case of the highly regulated industry which is under the consistent and the continuous attention of the media and the regulators. Thus, the potential selectiveness or the financial performance graphs can actually be driven because of the potential costs which may be incurred by the process of drawing the attention related to the high performance.
The different financial reporting practices may not be developed completely in the vacuum because of the formal and the informal rules of the company, rather than the result of the macro social processes (Frownfelter & Fulkerson, 1998). These are also likely to reflect the underlying situations which may be impact the financial reports of the company. The different national accounting practices may also vary because of the different environmental and the cultural factors. Thus the process of the adoption of graphs and the variable graphs may also vary across the nations.

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爱丁堡论文代写-组织行为理论分析

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爱丁堡论文代写-组织行为理论分析。组织行为是以系统科学的方式对个体或群体进行分析，预测、理解和提高个体和组织功能的表现(Frederick, 2014)。虽然它可以被看作是一门学科，但它的应用可以使管理者做出有效的决策。本文从不同的角度探讨了相关的理论框架、模型和概念。应用本文所讨论的理论是最大的挑战。然而，有一些例子可以突出这些理论模型的应用，并最终使组织受益。本文以一些实际案例为基础，对组织行为理论进行了实证分析。

Conflict Management: The conflict is the process by which the actions of one party are perceived to negatively affect something that the other person cares about. Conflicts can have both positive and negative impact on the organizational success. There are various factors that have been considered as potential oppositions that cause conflict such as communication, organizational structure and personal variables. The study of these aspects is very helpful in real world scenarios and will reduce the uncertainty that arise due to conflict and understanding the reasons for conflict (Rahim, 2010). The Thomas Kilman’s conflict resolution model is extensively employed. In this model the behaviour of individual in conflict situation is studied and accordingly five modes of handling conflict is given. These have been described below.
Collaboration: Win Win situation for both parties
Competition: One party wins while other lose
Accommodation: Opposite of the competition negotiation
Avoidance: potential benefits are outweighed by the potential aggravation
Compromising: Both the parties are agreeable on mutually acceptable solution.
Leadership: There are several aspects related to leadership that have been studied. One of the aspects is the theories related to leadership include the leadership styles and the theoretical models. The two theories that have been considered are cognitive resource theory and the path goal theory. The Cognitive Resource Theory postulates that the experience and intelligence of leader influences his decision making under stress. Another theory is the path goal theory. According to this theory, multiple leadership styles can be displayed by the leader. The leadership style being displayed depends upon the goals of the followers. Lastly, the leader member exchange theory is to identify the leaders from the given followers (Frederick, 2014). This is done by identifying the members who can take up the role as leaders. Apart from this, there are several other theories related to leadership.
There can be several approaches to leadership which includes charismatic leadership, Laissez-Faire approach, autocratic approach, democratic approach and transformational leadership (Jennifer, 2009). A brief overview provides an insight into leadership that can have huge influence on the organizational success.

All the theories have been explained briefly. A greater understanding and relevance of these models with respect to applicability can be understood based on the detailed discussion in the next section.

The above discussion highlights very important points. Firstly, the examples show that companies have to consider how these theories and models can be employed in their organization. This is to say that these theories are only the framework and its application depends on the complete setup of the organization. Secondly, it can be seen that the examples that have been given are from different industries. It shows that these theories can be applied to any organization irrespective of the industry. The level of influence these theories have depend largely on the implementation rather than the industry based factors.Overall, the study has been useful in understanding how these models can be applied to the organizations and the changes that can be brought about by these applications. The organizational behaviour concepts certainly have immense applicability for the managers. Increasing diversity and other challenges increase its utility.

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曼彻斯特论文代写-国家竞争优势与创新

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曼彻斯特论文代写-国家竞争优势与创新。波特(1990)在论文《国家的竞争优势》中提出了一项为期四年的研究结果，该研究基于十个不同贸易国家观察到的竞争格局。波特(Porter, 1990)在他的研究中展示了企业在国际市场上取得成功的一些关键必要因素。创新是其核心要素之一。企业要想在国际市场上取得成功，就必须通过新产品设计、更新的生产流程或营销手段进行创新。

In the context of national advantage, the role of the nation had much to offer. The capacity of the nation to support innovation is important. Similarly, the competitors for the business in the form of home suppliers and the demand of local customers add to this. However, it has now been acknowledged that in the international context, the role of the suppliers is no lesser. Competitive advantages are sustained internationally and locally (Porter, 1994; Porter, 1986). A localized process is admitted as being at the core of competitive success. Businesses would be able to succeed in a specific industry internationally only when they are able to succeed locally. In particular, a dynamic, challenging, highly competitive and demanding local environment often helps industries succeed better.

“Much innovation is mundane and incremental, depending more on a cumulation of small insights and advances than on a single, major technological breakthrough. It often involves ideas that are not even “new”—ideas that have been around, but never vigorously pursued. It always involves investments in skill and knowledge as well as in physical assets and brand reputation” (Porter, 1990, para. 8).

It could be as simple as perceiving a market opportunity that was previously ignored (Caves et al., 1980; Porter, 2008). Some corporations like Volvo and Atlas Copco have indeed pursued this in order to see success in both international and domestic markets. A McKinsey report on international jewellery market and innovativeness claims that the jewellery market is a matured market. The demand for jewellery is stable and hence the form of competitive advantage that businesses will have will be based on their adaptive business systems. Only those companies that can be adaptive will be able to thrive better (Calori et al., 2001; Holden & Glisby, 2010). In terms of affordability of jewellery, it could be said that companies that understand affordability would be successful. These are the companies that understand their consumer segments and target them according to the national demands. Furthermore, as the report claims, innovative jewellery businesses will be more successful. For example, the report presents that jewellery businesses were able to emulate the working of fast fashion companies. Fast fashion companies can be considered as a separate industry when compared to the jewellery industry. They thrive on the concept of fast moving fashion retail. The fashion concepts are pushed quickly from ramp walk to in-store retail. These fast fashion trends ensure that people are able to buy the designs within a short period of time after they are introduced in a fashion ramp walk. However, not all jewellery manufacturers follow this trend. As Dauriz et al., (2014) claims, “Innovative jewellery players will emulate fast-fashion apparel companies: they will react to trends quickly and reduce their product-development cycle times. Doing so will require closer collaboration with partners, which along with the value chain from suppliers to designers to logistics providers” (Dauriz et al., 2014, para. 26).

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代寫論文-供應鏈夥伴關系

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代寫論文-供應鏈夥伴關系。供應鏈夥伴關系一般強調的是長期和直接的聯系，目的是解決問題和相互計劃(Benton & Maloni, 2005)。權力對供應鏈至關重要，因為它可以影響企業間的關系。然而，對於電源和電源目標來說，了解這種電源的使用和存在是非常重要的。當電力合作夥伴不明智地使用供應鏈時，供應鏈更有可能被利用。

Literary sources have clearly differentiated the relationships between traditional thinking and partnership thinking. When it happens as a partnership between supplier and buyer, there exists a need for a long term alliance. In the traditional times, problem solving happened through power drivers and the supplier base was large to switch between them for the buyers to benefit from it. It is not the case today as the problem solving is mutual. Further, very few suppliers that encourage partnerships and offer value added services are available.
Power application is essential for two major reasons: better orientation and enhanced performance of supply chain. The power variable is rather powerful as it can affect the supplier satisfaction and buyer satisfaction too. Researchers find that differences in the relationships exist when a size asymmetry is visible. This happens when the purchasing power is large and supply power is lesser. Power implies trust and interpersonal relationships that drive the business further and impose greater impacts on the profitability and sustainability.
In the process of cost cutting, many suppliers have tried to transfer the responsibilities. This affects the win-win intentions (Benton & Maloni, 2005). The performance guidelines are compromised. Power is critical in the supply chain industry as it can ease the marketing process and the sustainability of the firm. On the other hand, the buyers gain satisfaction when the partnership is positive.
Case study
To study the aforementioned case about power, it is appropriate to learn the power relationship between National Health Service in UK and Pharmaceutical Supply Network. NHS has found numerous issues in the supplier management from PSN as the procurement and distribution require better expertise and safer handling (Chatziaslan et al., 2005). The buyer exercises the power by stating that on time delivery and affordability followed by accessibility are essential for the supplier. Analysed the state of PSN, it encourages the agents to retain the power and shift between various parties. While some products are unique and the usability varies, many others are dominated by the supplier (PSN). The structure followed by PSN allows better coordination and power management by its agents and structure competes with other suppliers in the market.
Application analysis
Power can be categorized into four types based on the type of products offered by the supplier and availed by the buyer.

  • Leverage product – It is a trust based relationship and a mediated power to increase the profit impact is present (Moorman et al., 1992).
  • Non critical product – Power does not work well in this case as the relationship is entirely trust based. When the trust is broken, the profit is lesser and supply risk is higher.
  • Strategic product – Power is the key in strategic products as the products are unique and the supply risk is limited but profit is high. Higher the impact of such profit, the power existing between the two ends is better and is not mediated.
  • Bottleneck product – Though the power is mediated, supplier is the king and can have a better profit rate if the power is exercised rightly (Ryu et al., 2007). In the case of bottleneck products, many suppliers attempt to exploit the buyers which will affect the strategic partnership and result in loss to the company.

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英国酒店管理论文代写-层次结构的业务模型体系

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英国酒店管理论文代写-层次结构的业务模型体系。之所以选择业务模型、框架和相关策略，是因为它只是理解公司运营活动的有用工具或参数。它是在一个公司的产出和运营系统范围内，为确定公司的产品而制定的管理行动的结果。商业组织以不同的机会、限制和策略来经营他们的不同行业，因此所采用的结构应该根据不同组织的经营活动来适应，以实现他们各自的目标。传统企业自工业革命以来，由于其独特的系统化设计特性，一直采用传统的层级经营模式。(Kotabe和Helsen, 2011)。为了更好地解决共享经济问题，提出了层次结构的业务模型体系结构。

There are four levels in the hierarchical business model. At the very top level of the hierarchical model, organization has a board of directors followed by the CEO, and under the CEO, organizations have other influential executives such as chief information officer, chief financial officer, chief operating officer and so on. This is the top level of management where all the important members of organization situated. Depending on the size of traditional firms, those department head usually follow the upper management and the other categories of executives followed by the top level management. As per the model, it could be seen that there are four decision-making platforms which are the EIS, DSS, MIS and TPS. All these sectors have their individual activities (Kotler and Keller, 2016). As per the EIS, the top-level management has decided what to do within the organization because they have all the power to make necessary decisions. After the EIS, the senior managers are responsible for conducting the decisions for the betterment of organizational strategies. As per the MIS, the middle managers are responsible for following the decisions, which have been taken by the senior managers. At the end of the business model, the workers or employees have followed the TPS system, and they are very much responsible for conducting the day-to-day movements within the organization. The main concept of the traditional business model is the flow of decisions that are carried out by the top level management to the low-level management. The decision is conducted in the downward direction.
As per the mission, vision, objectives and goals, the strategy would be the SWOT analysis to conduct. All the factors could be realized which are mentioned in this portray. Not only the SWOT analysis, the PESTLE, as well as the 7-S-Model is come under the traditional model strategy to know the external, internal analysis, strengths, weakness, opportunities, threats, critical success factors, core competencies and so on (Kotler et al., 2015).
As per the sharing economy business model, the platform business model has been used on this occasion which is based on product marketplace (physical product), service marketplace (service related) and the payment platform (B2C, P2P). It is based on the investment platform, social networks, communication platform (direct social communication platform), development platforms (open-source, free software, closed development platform, controlled development platform) and content platforms (social platform and media platform).
The strategy of the sharing economy business model is very clear to understand as per the commoditized and non-commoditized products and services that determine the quality for consumers to provide. After all, the sharing economy business model is about the marketplaces and develops core value by assisting exchanges between two or more interdependent groups’ producers and consumers (LaPlaca, 2007). The ultimate strategy of the sharing economy firms is to develop a fine platform markets and communities with efficient networks to allow the users to interact and transact.

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