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英国论文格式:儿童的亲社会行为

英国论文格式:儿童的亲社会行为。儿童的亲社会行为是先天和后天共同作用的结果,即父母教养方式和基因在儿童亲社会行为的发展中都起着重要作用。先天因素包括基因和遗传因素,而后天因素则与社会环境和父母的教养方式有关。先天与后天之争是心理学中最古老的争论之一。一些心理学家强调天性在儿童发展中的作用,而另一些心理学家则强调后天培养在儿童发展中的作用。接下来英国论文代写将对儿童的亲社会行为做以下分析与讨论。

生物因素和亲社会行为:许多生物学家和心理学家认为,人类从基因上就倾向于从事亲社会行为。从进化的角度来看,亲社会的行为确保了生存(人类在相互帮助时能够找到食物和对抗敌人)。互相帮助的人类生存下来并繁衍后代,而其他人却无法生存。进化论的观点不能解释同情心、同理心和亲社会行为中存在的个体差异。这些行为的个体差异可以归因于遗传因素。研究表明同卵双胞胎在亲社会行为上比异卵双胞胎表现出更多的相似性。此外,研究得出结论,亲社会行为中遗传因素的作用随着年龄的增长而增加。被称为催产素的荷尔蒙在亲社会行为中起作用。这种激素与伴侣关系、同理心和父母依恋有关(Siegler, DeLoache & Eisenberg, 2003)。

此外,神经递质血清素在调节亲社会行为方面发挥着重要作用。血清素功能与攻击性和暴力行为呈负相关,而与从属行为呈正相关。导致血清素水平增加的活动和干预活动增加了社会交往行为。因此,血清素水平可以影响社会决策和亲社会行为(Rilling & Sanfey, 2011)。

环境和亲社会行为:有几个因素影响儿童的亲社会行为:父母和教师为亲社会行为树立榜样,给予儿童参与亲社会行为的机会,管教儿童并使他们参与亲社会活动。父母教养方式和学校环境对亲社会行为有重要影响。

根据社会学习理论,孩子通过观察他人来学习。这个理论可以解释儿童如何学习亲社会行为。孩子会模仿父母和老师的亲社会行为。家长和老师是孩子观察和学习亲社会行为的榜样。父母是孩子生活中极具影响力的榜样。他们可以通过讨论和实践他们所宣扬的东西来帮助孩子学习价值观和行为(Eisenberg, Spinrad & Knafo‐Noam, 2015)。

Biological factors and prosocial behaviours: many biologist and psychologist debate that humans are genetically predisposed to engage in prosocial behaviours. From evolutionary perspective, engaging in prosocial behaviours ensured survival (humans where able to find food and fight enemies when they gave assistance to one another). Humans who helped each other survived and reproduced while others were not able to survive. Evolutionary perspective does not explain the individual differences that exist in sympathy, empathy and prosocial behaviours. The individual differences in these behaviours can be attributed to genetic factors. Studies have shown that identical twins show more similarity in prosocial behaviours as compared to non-identical twins. Moreover, studies have concluded that role of genetic factors in prosocial behaviour increases with age. Hormone known as Oxytocin plays role in prosocial behaviours. This hormone is involved in pair bonding, empathy and parental attachment (Siegler, DeLoache & Eisenberg, 2003).

In addition, neurotransmitter serotonin is known to play important role in regulating prosocial behaviour. Serotonin function has shown negative relationship with aggressive and violent behaviour whereas it shows positive association with affiliative behaviours. Activities and interventions that result in increase in serotonin level and activity increase social affiliative behaviours. Serotonin level, therefore, can influence social decision making and prosocial behaviours (Rilling & Sanfey, 2011).

Environment and prosocial behaviour: there are several factors that influence prosocial behaviours in children: modelling of prosocial behaviours by parents and teachers, giving children opportunities to engage in prosocial behaviours and discipline children and making them to prosocial activities. Parenting style and school environment play an important role in prosocial behaviours.

As per the social learning theories, children learn by observing others. This theory can explain how children learn prosocial behaviours. Children imitate the prosocial behaviours of their parent figures and teachers. Parents and teachers act as models for children to observe and learn prosocial behaviours. Parents are extremely influential models in children’s lives. They can aid their children learn values and behaviours by means of discussion and practicing what they preach (Eisenberg, Spinrad & Knafo‐Noam, 2015).

以上内容就是英国论文代写专家对儿童的亲社会行为分析。如果同学们没有足够的时间来完成英语论文与作业,论文代写推荐留学生选择英国论文代写Advancedthesis服务。因为其服务公司的论文创作专家团队由高素质和经验丰富的学术作家组成,保障论文创作质量且并使用正确的英国论文格式。除此之外,还为留学生提供essay代写、assignment代写、硕士论文代写等服务,从而让留学生们轻松应对论文写作并创作出专属个人的优秀论文!