英国研究生论文methodology：人种志
《庄稼人的人种志与批判设计实践》是一篇批判性的综述，描述了人种志如何成为包括商业和学术界在内的多个领域的核心研究技术。通过解释设计和社会科学之间的关系，Plowman阐明了民族志是如何影响设计实践的，以及未来设计工艺品的改进如何对消费者行为产生影响。《庄稼汉》对他的评论采取了直截了当的方式。在深入探讨更多细节之前，他首先给出了核心概念的定义——人类学、文化、设计艺术品、无创研究等，这些概念后来被用于他的评估中。这使得读者在学习关键术语之前更容易掌握它们的用法。然后，作者深入研究了人种志的发展，并解释了在其发展的一个阶段的不完善是如何导致进一步批准的研究方法。
英国研究生论文methodology：人种志
与早期的技术，如扶手椅方法和马林诺夫斯基的社会人类学，庄园主强烈主张沉浸和厚描述作为最可靠的民族志技术，研究人员专注于自己的日常流动的标本的生活产生最真实的反应。庄稼人将“参与观察”作为民族志的核心工具，无论从学术角度还是从商业角度;然而，其程度和持续时间可能有所不同。由于时间的限制，商业研究使用特定的人种志工具，可以更快地完成。相比之下，学术研究人员进行的研究延伸到数月甚至数年。作者通过解释德·塞尔托的现代民族志方法来结束他的论点，在这种方法中，他挑战了多元性，并把每个人视为一个有自己独特需求的个体标本。他强调定制和自我创造的概念，反对大规模生产。因此，可以得出结论，跨学科的研究方法可以在提高产品质量方面发挥重要作用。
Plowman’s Ethnography and Critical Design practice is a critical review which describes how ethnography has become a central research technique in a variety of fields including business and academia. By explaining the relationship between design and social sciences, Plowman elucidates how ethnography has affected the design practice and how the future enhancement in design artefacts can produce an impact on the consumer behaviour. Plowman takes a straightforward approach to his review. Before probing into much detail, he first provides the definitions of the core concepts – anthropology, culture, designed artefacts, study of Imponderabilia etc – that are later used in his evaluation. This makes it easier for the readers to grasp the key terminologies before studying their usage.The author then dives into the evolution of ethnography and explains how the imperfections in one phase of its development led to further approved methods of research.
英国研究生论文methodology：人种志
In contrast to earlier techniques such as armchair approach and Malinowski’s social anthropology, Plowman strongly advocates immersion and thick description as the soundest ethnographic technique whereby the researcher engrosses himself into the daily flow of specimen’s life to generate the most genuine responses.Plowman regards “participant observation” as a core tool of ethnography both on academic and commercial grounds; however the extent and duration might differ. Owing to time constraints, the business research uses specific ethnographic tools that can be completed more rapidly. In contrast, academic researchers conduct research extending to months and even years.The author concludes his argument by explaining the de Certeau’s modern approach to ethnography whereby he challenges plurality and regards each person as an individual specimen with his own unique needs. He stresses the concept of customization and self-invention and defies mass production. Hence, it can be concluded that an interdisciplinary approach to research can play a vital role in improving the quality of products.
